The effect of The Simpsons on our families Essay Example For Students

The effect of The Simpsons on our families Essay The effect of The Simpsons on our familiesmon/wed/fri,8:00AmThe Simpsons is one of Americas most popular televisionshows. It ranks as the number one television program for viewers undereighteen years of age. However, the ideals that The Simpsons conveysare not always wholesome, sometimes not even in good taste. It isinevitable that The Simpsons is affecting children, but how bad. Matt Groening took up drawing to escape from his troubles in1977. At the time, Groening was working for the L.A. Reader, a freeweekly newspaper. He began working on Life in Hell, a humorous comicstrip consisting of people with rabbit ears. The L.A. Reader picked upa copy of his comic strip and liked what they saw. Life in Hellgradually became a common comic strip in many free weeklies andcollege newspapers across the country. It even developed a cultstatus. Life in Hell drew the attention of James L. Brooks, producerof works such as Taxi, The Mary Tyler Moore Show, and Terms ofEndearment. Brooks originally wanted Groening to make an animatedpilot of Life in Hell. Groening chose not to do so in fear ofloosing royalties from papers that printed the strip. Groeningpresented Brooks with an overweight, balding father, a mother with ablue beehive hairdo, and three obnoxious spiky haired children. We will write a custom essay on The effect of The Simpsons on our families specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Groening intended for them to represent the typical American familywho love each other and drive each other crazy. Groening named thecharacters after his own family. His parents were named Homer andMargaret and he had two younger sisters named Lisa and Maggie. Bartwas an anagram for brat. Groening chose the last name Simpson tosound like the typical American family name. Brooks decided to put the30 or 60 second animations on between skits on The Tracy Ullman Showon the unsuccessful Fox network. Cast members Dan Castellaneta andJulie Kavner did the voices of Homer and Marge. Yeardley Smith (laterto star in Hermans Head) did the voice of Lisa. Nancy Cartwright didthe voice of Bart. Cartwright previously supplied the voices for manycartoons, including Galaxy High, Fantastic Max, Richie Rich, Snorks,Pound Puppies, My Little Pony, and Glo-Friends. Tracy Ullman lateradded Cartwright to her cast. Brooks, Groening, and Sam Simon, TracyUllmans producer, wanted to turn the Simpson family into their ownshow. The Fox network was looking for material to appeal to youngerviewers. The only show they had that drew a young audience wasMarried With Children. To Foxs pleasure, The Simpsons saved thenetwork from near failure. On December 17, 1989, The Simpsons gottheir break. The Christmas special, Simpsons Roasting on an OpenFire aired. In the episode, Bart got a tattoo, much to Margesdislike. She quickly spent all of the familys Christmas money toremove Barts tattoo with a laser. At the same time, Homer, still onhis morning coffee break at 4:00 in the afternoon, learns that he willnot receive a Christmas bonus. When he learns that Marge is relying onthe money for Christmas, he decides that he will do the Christmasshopping for the year. He quickly buys Marge panty hose, Bart paper,Lisa crayons, and Maggie a dog toy. When he realizes that he is notdoing very well, he gets a second job as a mall Santa for the extramoney. On the way home from work, he steals a Christmas tree. The nextday at the mal l, Bart sits on his Dads lap and pulls down his beard. Homer responds by choking Bart and making him help make Christmasbetter. On Christmas Eve, Homer receives his check, $13.70 for over 40hours work. Homer takes Bart to the dog track as a final chance forChristmas money. They discovered a gem in the third race, SantasLittle Helper. How could this dog loose on Christmas Eve? The oddswere 99 to one, they were going to be rich. Homer put all of his moneyon Santas Little Helper, and to his horror, he never even finished. .u7239dd6676efef0b38f30149dbac4473 , .u7239dd6676efef0b38f30149dbac4473 .postImageUrl , .u7239dd6676efef0b38f30149dbac4473 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7239dd6676efef0b38f30149dbac4473 , .u7239dd6676efef0b38f30149dbac4473:hover , .u7239dd6676efef0b38f30149dbac4473:visited , .u7239dd6676efef0b38f30149dbac4473:active { border:0!important; } .u7239dd6676efef0b38f30149dbac4473 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7239dd6676efef0b38f30149dbac4473 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7239dd6676efef0b38f30149dbac4473:active , .u7239dd6676efef0b38f30149dbac4473:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7239dd6676efef0b38f30149dbac4473 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7239dd6676efef0b38f30149dbac4473 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7239dd6676efef0b38f30149dbac4473 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7239dd6676efef0b38f30149dbac4473 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7239dd6676efef0b38f30149dbac4473:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7239dd6676efef0b38f30149dbac4473 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7239dd6676efef0b38f30149dbac4473 .u7239dd6676efef0b38f30149dbac4473-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7239dd6676efef0b38f30149dbac4473:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In the constructivist classroom EssayAs Homer and Bart were scouring the parking lot for winning ticketsinto the night, they saw the track manager throw out a dog. It was notjust any dog, it was Santas Little Helper. When Bart and Homer camehome to their worried family, they had a good Christmas after all. Nowthey had a dog. Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire was not thetypical Christmas story. It dealt with body art, sleeping in the workplace, sibling rivalry, stealing a Christmas tree, a misbehaved son,and gambling. Although it was unorthodox, it was very successful. TheFox network decided to air it again on Christmas Eve. In a little over a month, The Simpsons made its debut as aweekly show, Bart the Genius was the first regular episode. In themiddle of a feared assessment test, Bart switches his test with thecompleted one of Nelson Prince, Class Nerd. Bart and his parents arecalled into Principal Seymour Skinners office where they are toldthat Bart has a 216 IQ. (Homer thought is was 912.) Skinner requeststhat Bart attends The Enriched Learning Center for Children. Suddenly,Homer takes a liking to his son. They joke together, play balltogether, embarrass Marge at an opera together. (Toreador, oh dontspit on the floor. Use the cuspidor. Thats what its for. Bart singsalong with the opera Carmen.) Soon at Barts old school, SpringfieldElementary School, Barts graffiti is roped off and tagged, ThePrincipal. By Bart Simpson. IQ 216. Barts friend no longer like him,they refer to him as Poindexter. The kids at his new school trick himinto giving up his lunch. In frank, Bart is miserable. Then, afterturning h imself green in an uneducated science experiment, Bartreveals to his new principal that he cheated on the test. That night,as Homer is helping Bart clean himself off, Bart tells Homer the same. Homer instantly transforms into a murderous rampage again. The episodeends with Bart locking himself in his room and Homer trying to knockdown the door so he can tear Bart into pieces. Soon, Simpsons merchandise was all over America. Every kidwanted an Underachiever and Proud of It, Man or an Im BartSimpson, Who the Hell Are You? shirt. Hats could be seen everywherethat had Bart dressed like a devil saying Go For It, Dude! or withHomer, his arms open, lunging forward saying Why You Little. Themost popular shirt was a family picture with Homer choking Bart. During the first week of school in 1990, two thirds of the sixthgraders in America wore Simpsons paraphernalia. As the popularity ofThe Simpsons grew, so did parents fears. To their horror, BartSimpson became a role model. Aye Carumba! was a popular expressionamong kids. Almost anything a child did wrong was attributed to lastSundays Simpsons. Bad ideas continued to be broadcast into kidsminds. In the third episode, a baby-sitter robbed the Simpson householdof most of its belongings. In the fourth episode, Homer caused anuclear accident, got fired, and attempted suicide. Bart stole thehead off of the statue of Jebidiah Springfield, Springfields founderin the sixth episode. In the eighth episode, Bart took a picture ofHomer with an exotic dancer and distributed them to the entire town. Marge had an affair in the ninth episode. Homer stole cable, andalmost everything else imaginable in the fifteenth episode. This isclearly not the kind of behavior we want our children to learn. The Simpsons is often viewed as one of the biggest threats toChristianity. The Simpson family goes to church on a regular basis,but Bart and Homer loath it. A typical Sunday School conversation isas follows: Child: Will my dog, Fluffy go to heaven? Sunday SchoolTeacher: No Other Child: How about my cat? Teacher: No, Heaven isonly for people. Bart: What if my leg gets gangrene and has to beamputated? Will it be waiting for me in heaven? Teacher: Yes Bart:What about a robot with a human brain? Teacher: I dont know! Is alittle blind faith too much to ask for? The pastor, Reverend Lovejoyis a hypocrite. In 22 Short Films About Springfield he leads his dogto the Flanders yard to go to the bathroom. He praises the dog untilNed Flanders comes outside. He then acts angry and threatens the dogwith hell. When Ned leaves, he praises the dog again. In one episode,Homer quits going to church and falls in love with life. He claims tohave his own religion so he doesnt have to go to work on holidays ,such as the Feast of Maximum Occupancy. .ub76398977ee76d2060a0364a2414d18e , .ub76398977ee76d2060a0364a2414d18e .postImageUrl , .ub76398977ee76d2060a0364a2414d18e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub76398977ee76d2060a0364a2414d18e , .ub76398977ee76d2060a0364a2414d18e:hover , .ub76398977ee76d2060a0364a2414d18e:visited , .ub76398977ee76d2060a0364a2414d18e:active { border:0!important; } .ub76398977ee76d2060a0364a2414d18e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub76398977ee76d2060a0364a2414d18e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub76398977ee76d2060a0364a2414d18e:active , .ub76398977ee76d2060a0364a2414d18e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub76398977ee76d2060a0364a2414d18e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub76398977ee76d2060a0364a2414d18e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub76398977ee76d2060a0364a2414d18e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub76398977ee76d2060a0364a2414d18e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub76398977ee76d2060a0364a2414d18e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub76398977ee76d2060a0364a2414d18e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub76398977ee76d2060a0364a2414d18e .ub76398977ee76d2060a0364a2414d18e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub76398977ee76d2060a0364a2414d18e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Diabetes Mellitus EssayThe Simpsons is not just an enemy of Christianity, though. Inone episode, where Krusty the Clown is reunited with his father, arabbi, almost the entire episode is spent making fun of Judaism. Lisaasks Bart, Do you know what a rabbis most valued possession is?Bart replied, I dunno, those stupid little hats. Hinduism isconstantly joked with by using East Indian, Kwik-E-Mart clerk, ApuMahasapeemapitalon. Apu is once asked is he is Hindu. He replied, Bythe thousand arms of Bishna, I swear it is a lie. Homer Simpsondefinitely has the worst influence on children. Once, Homer overheardRalph Wiggum say the he would do anything for Lisa. In the next scene,Ral ph is coating the Simpsons roof in tar. Ralph calls out, Mr. Simpson, the tar fumes are making me dizzy. Homer, relaxing in ahammock replies, nonchalantly, Yeah, theyll do that. Homer fits thegenera of the parent who pressures his kid to do well in sports. Inone episode, after Bart scored a winning goal, Homer congratulatedhim, Okay Bart, you won the hockey game. Now, just as I promised,heres your turtle, alive and unhurt.Personally, I believe that The Simpsons affects children, butnot necessarily in a bad way. Children never hurt themselves mimickingThe Three Stooges, nor do they with The Simpsons. Almost everyepisode ends with a family that loves each other. Some episodes haveanswered the question of them affecting children on their own. Once,Marge began to protest Itchy and Scratchy cartoons. Itchy is apsychopathic mouse whos only purpose is to kill and torture Scratchy,a cat. Nearing the end of the episode, Marge realizes that Itchy andScratchy is not hurting anyone. They take a satirical view to thesituation when a group of mothers try to stop Michaelangelos Davidfrom visiting the Springfield Museum of Art by means that it ispornographic. Unlike many sitcoms, The Simpsons is more likeeveryday life. Homer works in a power plant. In many other sitcoms,the father works a popular job, such as an accountant, or with atelevision studio. The Simpson family is not a wealthy family livingin a $300,000 house. Many children can relate to this. In some cases, The Simpsons is educational. Karen Brecze creditsHomer Simpson with saving her 8-year-old son, Alexs life. Bence, ofAuburn, Washington, says the boy was choking on an orange when his 10-year-old brother, Chris, used the Heimlich maneuver, which he learnedfrom Homer at the Bat, where Homer is choking on a doughnut. UnlikeAlex, Homer doesnt receive help and coughs up the doughnut as his co-workers look at the Heimlich maneuver poster. The Simpsons affects kids, just as anything around them will. Perhaps people fear The Simpsons because they can see a little ofthe Simpsons in themselves. We all have inner childs trying to getout that behave just like Bart. We all do pull a Homer sometimes. Itjust happens. The show doesnt make us do it. It just happens. If thisworld did not have The Simpsons children would behave in the samemanner, they just might laugh quite as much.

One-Earner vs Two-Earner Couples †Sociology Class Essay

One-Earner vs Two-Earner Couples – Sociology Class Essay Free Online Research Papers One-Earner vs Two-Earner Couples Sociology Class Essay Question: When couples change from being one-earner couples to being two-earner couples, what are the positive and negative consequences for them? When couples go from being one-earner couples to being two-earner couples many changes take place. There are many positive consequences that occur. The most obvious positive consequence is that they will probably have more money as a couple and thus can afford a better lifestyle for themselves and possibly their children. Both partners in a two-earner couple are bringing in money, so that they are more equal in that respect in the relationship, as opposed to one-earner couples where one partner can easily become dependant on the other for money. That being said, the textbook clearly states that â€Å"even among two-earner couples, the majority consider providing financially to be the husband’s main role; the unpaid work of family caregiving is the wife’s principal obligation.† Many people think of two-earner marriages as being more exciting, as both partners have a place in the outside world and both are subject to raises, job transfers, promotions, and other positives that go with being employed in the labor force. The two-earner couple puts an end to the traditional roles of the male breadwinner and the female housewife. This means the husband no longer makes or breaks the family economically and relieves a lot of that pressure from him. The wife on the other hand is not dependent on the husband financially and thus is not as tied to him if he turns out to not be right for her for whatever reason. There are also many negative consequences for two-earner couples. Probably the most talked about would be that if the couple decides to have children, then they have to find good child care, since neither partner will be able to care for the children while they are both at work. The two-earner marriage also means that there will be less time for the couple to do unpaid housework, whereas before one partners would not have a job in the labor force and could spend more time doing housework. As stated before, the two-earner couple also means an end to the traditional roles of the male provider and the female housewife. Rewards for men in the good provider role according to the textbook â€Å"included social status and reinforcements of the husband’s authority over the family.† These of course are lessened or perhaps lost with the two-earner couple. Rewards for the female in the housewife role included not working in the labor force and having the time needed to care for their children themselves. These rewards are both lost with the two-earner couple. Also because both partners are employed in the labor force, they both bring home the stresses that go along with that, such as possible termination from employment, arguments with coworkers, discrimination, disappointment, etc. The female partner may bring home more stress as a result of this, since women are still very discriminated against and are often underpaid, especially compared to men, in the United States labor force. Research Papers on One-Earner vs Two-Earner Couples - Sociology Class EssayInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThree Concepts of Psychodynamic19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyThe Spring and AutumnThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationQuebec and CanadaEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenHip-Hop is ArtResearch Process Part One

Supreme Court case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Supreme Court case - Essay Example The judges vote on the ruling was 7 to 2 with majority choosing to have abortion legalized basing it on the right to privacy, which is spelt under the clause of due process in the 14th amendment. In the written ruling by Justice Harry Blackmun, he justified the legalization of abortion because of the fact that illegalization infringed upon women’s right to privacy and the ruling subsequently, overruled all other state antiabortion statutes. According to Alcorn, the ruling issued in this case permitted the state to intervene during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy when there is an urgent need to protect the pregnant woman and/ or even the unborn child (28-31). However, it is important to note that the trimester consideration was struck out leaving the main fact about the ruling as that a pregnant woman had the right to abort until ‘viability.’ Murti stated that despite the numerous cases being filed to repeal this judgment, a ruling made 1992 in the cas e of Planned Parenthood versus Casey reaffirmed the right to abortion that had been granted under the Roe versus Wade case, but it permitted further restrictions (33-36). ... The pro-life group refers to those who are against the ruling while the pro-choice refers to those who support the ruling citing the fact that a woman has the right to decide whether she would want to keep the pregnancy or not (45-56). Without including matters of the law or legal principles into the discussion, Murti stated that the greatest opposition to the ruling made by in the Roe versus Wade case has been based around religious and moral ideologies or views (88-89). The pro-life advocates have continually stated that the ruling given in the Roe versus Wade case goes against religious teachings in all the faiths where abortion has been openly condemned and classified as a sin against the Lord. With reference to religious teachings, Alcorn stated that the Bible has openly refuted the act of abortion since the Lord referred to children as a blessing and therefore, it would go against the Lord’s wishes if a pregnant woman terminates a pregnancy thereby failing to give the un born child the right to life (67-73). For example, Amos chapter 1 verse 13 states, â€Å"the help of the Lord is essential, for He has dominion over human life and its origin. Parents cooperate with God in bringing forth life. Because this whole process is under God’s dominion and therefore, it is sinful to interrupt it.† This versus was written with reference to the violent acts that were taking place in Gilead where attackers were ripping open expectant mothers, thus killing their unborn children. This verse by Amos clearly indicates that pregnancy is under the dominion of God and therefore, it is a sin before the Lord. Additionally, Biblical teachings repeatedly in several versus condemn the killing of the innocent while other versus refer to the

Should the U.S. lower the drinking age to 18 Research Paper - 1

Should the U.S. lower the drinking age to 18 - Research Paper Example Smith (2008) pointed out that â€Å"teenagers have not developed the cognitive, social, and psychological mechanisms that are needed to make thoughtful and logical decisions about alcohol use† (Smith). In other words, people below the age of 21 may not be able to take sound decisions in their life and therefore they should not be allowed to drink. At the same time, many people argue that if an 18 year person is wise enough to elect political leaders, then he should be allowed to take drink at the age of 18. At 20 years old, an American can drive a car, buy cigarettes and pornography, vote for the next leader of the free world, and even die for his or her country by enlisting in the military. But that same person cannot order a beer with friends while watching the game at a sports bar. Because of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, some Americans can put themselves in front of terrorists with machine guns, but not a Heineken† (Blanche). In short, legal drink ag e is a controversial topic in America at present because of the various dimensions attached to this topic. So many arguments were cited in favour and against the lowering of drink age in America. In my opinion, drink age should not be lowered under any circumstances since lowering of drink age can generate so many social, physical and mental problems not only to the drinker but also to the family and society in which he belongs. Seaman Barrett (2005) in his article "How Bingeing Became the New College Sport" argued in favour of lowering drink age from 21 to 18 in America. He has cited many reasons for his argument. â€Å"Pregaming is a common thing in American college campuses which came into existence in the 1990’s. It usually involves sitting in a dorm room or an off-campus apartment and drinking as much hard liquor as possible before heading out for the evening's parties† (Seaman). Parker (2007) also supported the arguments of Seaman. In his opinion, â€Å"because of the ban, instead of drinking in bars or restaurants where there is supervision, it's happening in dorms and dark corners† (Parker). One of the major arguments cited in favour of lowering of drink age to 18 is that non-availability of drinks through legal channels may force the teenagers to get it from illegal sources. Supporters of these arguments are of the view that drinks from illegal sources could be more dangerous and poisonous than the drinks from legal channels. â€Å"Over 80% of adults believe that it is easy for people under the age of 18 to access alcohol in pubs and off-licenses† (Morrissey). It is a fact that antisocial elements can exploit these teenagers for various purposes. However, in my opinion, these arguments are illogical. It is the duty of the government to take necessary actions to punish those who supply liquor illegally. It is meaningless to lower the drink age instead of prohibiting illegal liquor supply. Each year, approximately 5,000 young people under the age of 21 die as a result of underage drinking; this includes about 1,900 deaths from motor vehicle crashes, 1,600 as a result of homicides, 300 from suicide, as well as hundreds from other injuries such as falls, burns, and drowning†(Alcohol Alert). Teenagers during their developmental stages many not be able to take sound decisions. They are not matured enough to take wise decisions for their

The attack on the world trade center and the rise of islamic threats Term Paper

The attack on the world trade center and the rise of islamic threats - Term Paper Example Terrorism refers to the threatened application of force, violence or coercion against individuals, society or governments and their properties, in order to coerce or intimidate the society and the government, to achieve the ideological, religious or political objectives of the terrorist groups2. Despite the fact that the threat of terrorism is rising from the extremist views of the minority militant Islamic groups, most especially from the Middle East, South Asia and some parts of Africa, their threat is real, and it has hit the whole world. The most worrying aspect of Islamic terrorist threats is that they are not simply targeted to a given country, society or group, but to multiple targets, which are perceived to have a connection with their perceived enemy. Thus, it is never known when and where the terrorists will strike next. The attack on the world trade center, popularly known as the 9/11 attack is the most conspicuous terrorist occurrence in the world, considering that the terrorists targeted and hit the heart of the world’s superpower, to simply send a message that none of the societies or countries in the world is safe or immune from the threat of terrorism3. Despite the fact that there has been a reawakening of the world to the live fact that terrorism is real and is bound to cause more scare to the world than it could have been anticipated, the world has not been able to completely devise measures that could help to neutralize this threat effectively. Thus, the threat of terrorism continues to scare the world, especially for any society or country that is perceived to have a connection with the west, which is the greatest target of the militant Islamic terrorist groups4. The actions of these extremist Islamic militants have been pitched on the Muslim religion, with such terrorist groups cla iming to be fighting a holy war against the societies that have not adhered to the requirements of their religion, which they hold as true and supreme. In this

Social And Economic Effects Of An Urban Region Tourism Essay

Social And Economic Effects Of An Urban Region Tourism Essay The evaluation of the attributes which connect and differentiate the cities around us, give us a better approach in learning trends relative to our human patterns of living. This essay will examine and discuss the similarities and differences among the selected cities of study, and will subsequently draw conclusions based on the facts taken from the statistics Canada website. The essay will focus on the social and economic effects of the specified urban region in relation to the Central business district (downtown Toronto), as well as combine the facts together in order to predict our future outcome in terms of urban living. Moreover, the analysis will commence with the smallest community furthest north, and end with the city core of the GTA. Table 1: General Characteristics Variable Bradford Newmarket Aurora Richmond Hill Toronto Population in 2006 24,039Â   Â   74,295 47,629Â   Â   162,704 2,503,281 2001 to 2006 population change (%) 8.1 12.9 18.6Â   Â   23.2 0.9 Population density per square kilometer: 119.6Â   Â   1,951.00 959.9Â   Â   1,612.70 3,972.40 Census of Canada (2006). Community Profiles, http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Index.cfm?Lang=E (19 Nov 2009). Located on the northern outskirts of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), lies Bradford; a community populated by only 24,000 people. In terms of location, Bradford is roughly 70 kilometers away from downtown Toronto yet not too far from the 400 and 404 highways. As seen on the chart below, the population change from 2001 to 2006 is 8%. The communities just south of Bradford being Newmarket and Aurora hold greater population changes as they are situated closer to downtown Toronto (Central business district) and therefore have the balance between proximity to the CBD and optimal rural location. As seen on table 1, the population change increases steadily from Bradford to Richmond Hill, and culminates drastically at Toronto. The reason for this is the direct result of the relationship between population size and proximity to the city for the purpose of work. What can be learned from this figure are the essential characteristics which translate to the expansion of communities where the most sought after location is utterly possible. Richmond Hill being situated in the heart of the GTA between the city core, large neighboring cities: Etobicoke and Mississauga, and Newmarket in the north had the largest population increase of 23%. Moreover, although the population change is significantly less than Richmond Hill, Newmarket has the greatest density per square kilometer following Toronto. The reason for this being the clustering of commodities among the suburbs in order to accommodate the population, so the need to travel to downtown Toronto is not required. Richmond Hill on the other hand is located closer to the core and is more spread out geographically, hence the reason why commodities such as shopping malls and entertainment are scarcer, as people travel to the CBD for these purposes. Now going back to the city of Bradford, one can notice by table 3 below that the number of single detached houses is 75% of the overall housing breakdown. This is simply due to the fact that all other dwellings are allocated primarily for busier cities with a higher concentration of citizens and traffic. Moreover, the percentages of buildings with 5 or more stories increases Table 3: Occupied Private Dwelling Characteristics Variable Bradford Newmarket Aurora Richmond Hill Toronto Total 7,945 25,090 15,655 51,000 979,440 single detached houses 75.1% 58.8% 60.8% 63.6% 27.3% semi-detached houses 6.4% 7.6% 8% 4.1% 7.2% row houses 2.5% 11.8% 16.7% 13.8% 5.6% apartments, duplex 7.7% 5.5% 3.9% 3.3% 4.4% apartments in buildings with fewer than 5 storeys 4.3% 10.7% 6.3% 2.3% 16.6% apartments in buildings with 5 or more storeys 3.5% 5.4% 4.1% 12.7% 38.7% other dwelling 0.4% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% number of owned dwellings (%) 82.9 82.5 85.8 86 54.3 number of rented dwellings (%) 17.1 17.5 14.2 14 45.6 Census of Canada (2006). Community Profiles, http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Index.cfm?Lang=E (19 Nov 2009). Table 4: Income and Industry Variable Bradford Newmarket Aurora Richmond Hill Toronto Median income in 2005 all census families 82,836 88,514 98,482 80,121 59,671 Agriculture and other resource-based industries(% 4.2 1.38 1.2 1.05 0.8 Construction (%) 10.6 5.49 6.5 5.6 4.8 Manufacturing (%) 17.5 14.33 12 10.6 11.7 Wholesale trade (%) 6.3 6.04 7.2 6.7 4.7 Retail trade (%) 11.3 12.72 10.6 11.6 9.1 Finance and real estate (%) 4.7 6.63 8 12 10.1 Health care and social services (%) 7.7 8.86 7.8 7.65 8.9 Educational services (%) 6.8 7.45 8.2 6.6 6.7 Business services (%) 16.4 19.57 21.6 23 25.2 Other services (%) 14.4 17.53 16.9 14.9 17.1 Census of Canada (2006). Community Profiles, http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Index.cfm?Lang=E (19 Nov 2009). progressively from North (Bradford) to south (Toronto), apart from Newmarket which as mentioned before seems to have a more advanced built urban environment. Apartments that have fewer than 5 stories make up 10.7% of all the housing, superseding even the most southern community of Richmond Hill. It is interesting to note also that in terms of Newmarkets population density per square kilometer (1,951), it has developed the most as a city offering the most commodities compared to Bradford, Aurora and Richmond Hill. Compared to the other communities, retail trade having almost 13% of the workforce surpasses even the city of Toronto. As seen on table 4 below, the third highest division of industry in Newmarket is retail trade. Therefore, bearing in mind Newmarkets distance from downtown Toronto it is clear that the combination of overall population, population density, and retail trade has made Newmarket the highest developing community in the GTA. Now taking a look back at the community of Bradford as seen on Table 4, construction, manufacturing and agriculture-based industries are the clear assets which are the direct result of being situated in a more rural, and lesser populated setting. Thus, Bradfords community was not developed as much as its neighboring communities of Newmarket and Aurora, and remained as a small farm-town based community over the years. From the business services perspective, the percentages increase in nearly perfect increments from Bradford to Toronto. This demonstrates how business is the highest and most essential in the CBD and gradually decreases the further north the community is situated. This is directly related to capitalization and management since the city is constantly being redeveloped in order to accommodate the growing population. Looking at business and resource-based industries in table 4 is a comprehensive method of understanding the makeup of communities. They are at complete opposit e ends of the workforce and are directly correlated with the population size and density of the community. Resource-based industries develop further away from downtown Toronto with communities of smaller population size, while business services increase with the density and higher population closer to the CBD. Manufacturing and construction can also be seen to decrease moving closer to GTAs core. In terms of income among all census families, the two communities which are the most different are Aurora and Toronto. Aurora had a median income in 2005 of $98,482, while Toronto only summed up to $59,671. The other three communities have roughly the same median income averaging out to around $84,000. Aurora seems to be a more prestigious and secluded community between Richmond Hill and Newmarket where proximity to the city is still good for homeowners who desire a rural upper class lifestyle away from the busy city life. Toronto on the other hand has the lowest median income since the population is much greater and more diverse in terms of industry and job opportunities. Lower class families often immigrate first to the city core prior to accumulating enough capital to begin a life in the suburbs. This is the sole reason why a large city like Toronto has a relatively low median income since the average is determined among the richest and poorest citizens where the poorest always pr edominate. A rural city like Aurora is a perfect residential location for wealthy homeowners who want to escape the hectic city life and will give up proximity for location as in EW Burgesss concentric zone model pictured below. source: http://yakkersy12geo.blogspot.com/2008/09/burgess-concentric-zone-model.html (19 Nov 2009) This model can be linked to the present overall setup of the five communities in terms of density and social class. Referring to Table 1, the density of Toronto is nearly 4,000 people per square kilometer and has the lowest median income. This translates to a majority of lower class and minority of upper class residents. As residential suburbs develop on the outskirts of the CBD, the higher class residential communities such as Aurora are pushed even further back where there is more land available to develop more expensive properties. As seen in Table 1, Auroras population change between 2001 and 2006 is nearing that of Richmond Hills even though its half as dense as Newmarket. This is simply because of the prime location and aspiration of homeowners to live in a non-suburbia type environment yet not too far from the city core. Furthermore, property values are lower further away from the CBD as a direct factor of longer time travelling to the CBD for work. Therefore homeowners can in vest the same amount of money in a larger property in Aurora than a property in Richmond Hill if accessibility to the city core is not a major concern. TABLE 2: Age Characteristics of the Population Variable Bradford Newmarket Aurora Richmond Hill Toronto Median age of the population 36.7 37.2 37.2 37.8 38.4 Percentage of the population under 15 years of age 20.8 21.2 22.2 19.3 16.4 Percentage of the population aged 15 over 79.2 78.8 77.8 80.7 83.6 Census of Canada (2006). Community Profiles, http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/profiles/community/Index.cfm?Lang=E (19 Nov 2009). The Burgess model depicts age decreasing from the outskirts of the CBD into the center, although the five communities in the GTA are the complete opposite. Toronto had the highest median age of the total population as well as the highest percentage of the population aged 15 years and over. Contrary to this, the remaining four communities have a lower median age and younger overall populations. This major difference is representative of the fact that families are gradually migrating to rural areas or suburbs outside of the city, while the city core is progressively transforming into a hub of business, traffic, and commuting. It is also interesting to note that among the five communities, Toronto had the least amount of owned dwellings and the highest number of rented dwellings as seen in Table 3. This is due to the obvious high pricing of condominiums in the city as a result of the limited space available for residential space. People can be forced to live in the city for periodic wor k or are not financially able to buy a property. This can be also related to the size and density of the population where people are more inclined to buying a property where there is a greater tendency to remain for a longer period of time. Therefore, the percentage of single detached homes in the city core is significantly less than that of the suburbs. From table 3, one can notice the major differences of property layout. Overall, what can be learned from this analysis are the processes which have developed in each of the communities differently, with their own unique assets. The relationship between work and home, and the urbanization among satellite cities is what distinguishes our unique future. Based on the facts of this essay, one can assimilate their personal lives with that of the specified community and therefore learn the socio-economic trends of our everyday changing lives.

Impact of Computers on Children :: Exploratory Essays

Impact of Computers on Children Children growing up in this generation are experiencing a greater impact from computers than in the past. In the past, children and adult, could make a life without a computer, as it wasn’t a necessity or found to be all that useful from time to time. A higher level of dependency on these computers has been established, and society only has more to come in the future. The technology that comes with these complex machines is becoming more developed and is making everyday tasks simpler for most. Computers have changed our nation in many ways, from the way we operate to the accessibility of worldwide resources such as the Internet we use frequently today. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the fluctuation of the influence of computers on a child’s education in their early years, as it has been in the past, how it is in the present, and how it might be in the future. First of all, the computer’s role in society has increased significantly throughout recent years. In the past, a computer was mostly used for minor tasks, such as typing a paper or playing a game for leisure. A child could rarely be found sitting in front of a monitor screen, and they usually didn’t even know how to operate the machine. Software games were on the market, but were not very popular for purchase. Usually the more developed households and higher-class families were the ones that contained a computer at home, but mostly adults were found to be the users. Many families found it easy to do without one, as they were mostly used for typing, and typewriters or handwriting took their place. In the past, computers went without the Internet, were extremely slow, and weren’t capable of much of anything.

False memories in bilinguals: The influence of different languages on veridical and false recalls.

Introduction The question of how two different languages can affect the memory of bilingual individuals has consistently been present throughout the literature in psychology (Altarriba, 2003; Marmolejo, Dilberto-Macaluso and Altarriba, 2009; Schrauf, 2000). Researchers have been curious to discover whether these languages are both stored in the same parts of the mind, how they affect the memories of bilingual individuals, what the advantages and disadvantages are of knowing two languages, and whether being bilingual affects the individual’s ability to recognise and recall information. The inquisition of these issues has inspired the undertaking of the present research, which sought to ascertain how bilingualism affects false recall in the memories of the individuals associated with an orientation towards using the Greek and English languages. A false memory is a mental experience which is mistaken as veridical representation of an event from an individual’s past (Johnson & Raye, 1998). False memories can manifest in both minor and major forms, having significant implications both for the individual and for others (Johnson & Raye, 1998).. For example, one may have a false memory as minor as believing that they saw their keys in the kitchen, when in actual fact they are in the living room; or one may have a false memory as major as believing that they were the inventor of a famous idea, or that they were sexually abused as a child (Johnson & Raye, 1998). The nature of false memories is not limited to confusion between reality and imagination. Elements from various perceived events, such as television news and a fictional novel, may also be confused. This is known by psychologists as source confusion or misattribution and can be described through the Source Monitoring Framework (SMF) (Johnson, Hashtroudi & Lindsay, 19 93). The literature highlights the importance of understanding that although memories have been confabulated; it does not mean that the original information was lost. Thus, representations of perception and those which have been constructed by the mind may both be stored in the memory and manifest under different conditions (Johnson, 1981; Reyna & Brainerd, 1995). With regards to language orientation, the knowledge and use of more than one language has been found to be one of the conditions in which false memories are manifested (Sahlin, Harding & Seamon, 2005). Effort has been made to elaborate on this condition throughout this introduction. Researchers have proposed that false memories can cross language boundaries through the findings that conceptual representations of words provide an appropriate climate for false memories to appear in as opposed to specific lexical representations, where errors in memory were found to be significantly decreased (Sahlin, Harding & Seamon, 2005). These findings were tested by the notion that bilingual witnesses are equally as susceptible to post event misinformation, whether it was presented in the same language as the actual event, or in another language that they speak (Shaw, Garcia & Robles, 1997). The fact that language context makes no difference to post event misinformation provides sufficient grounds to inquire whether there are any differences at all in false memory recall between monolinguals and bilinguals. Theory indicates that bilinguals process information in a different way to monolinguals (Bialystok, Craik & Luk, 2012; Martin et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2011). The reason for this has been suggested as the notion that bilinguals tend to encode experiences and information in two languages rather than one (Grosjean, 1989). Where monolinguals utilise only one language in their minds during the encoding process, bilinguals utilise two, which has been found to have a significant effect on memory performance when comparing bilingual and monolingual individuals (Ardila, 2014; Paivio, 2014). For example, bilingual individuals have been found to combine languages, resulting in a more enhanced cognitive performance in recognition and recall of information than monolinguals (Francis, 1999). These findings provide further grounds to investigate the extent to which cognitive processes are at an advantage through bilingualism, and whether bilingualism could result in more false memories than monol igualism. Thus, with reference to the difference that language context could make to one’s memory performance, it has been suggested that language may be used as a retrieval cue when eliciting memories from past experiences (Altarriba, 2003), suggesting that the original language context plays a significant role in the quality and nature of the memories retrieved (Godden & Baddeley, 1975). Consequently, this provides implication for further research as it lays a foundation for the speculation that bilingual individuals may be more susceptible to false memory, signifying a disadvantage as opposed to the enhanced cognitive processing that was suggested by the findings of Francis (1999). It may be suggested that the reason for the differences between monolingual and bilingual recall is due to the functioning of the phonological loop, a short term memory system for auditory information acting as ‘the mind’s voice’ when processing information (Lindberg, 2005). The phonological loop plays a crucial role in learning new words in native and foreign languages (Salame & Baddeley, 1986). Researchers propose that acquisition of a new language expands the phonological loop allowing the individual to access a larger store of sounds and words (Salame & Baddeley, 1986). However, the effects that the cognitive enhancement has on the Long Term Memory and the overall functioning of the Working Memory has been suggested to leave bilinguals at a disadvantage, as the literature also suggests that processing words in a second language consumes additional working memory resources in bilinguals (Service et al, 2002). This suggests that overall memory performance in bilinguals is reduced because of increased concentration on the textual definition and relationship between words (Service et al, 2002). Therefore, it is appropriate to question if false memories could be a result of reduced working memory performance, or whether they are a result of enhanced cogn itive processing in bilingual individuals. In order to understand the concept of working memory of bilinguals better in its relation to false memory, it is relevant to consider how false memories are created. Memories can include errors at the time of encoding becoming distorted (Roediger & McDermott, 1995). According to some, false memories may also be created by external suggestion (Loftus, 1997; Zhu et al, 2010), such as when someone suggests that an event had occurred in early childhood, and this information is retained by the individual as a memory, thus forming the basis of a false memory. This is named the misinformation effect phenomenon, as the misleading information, which is given to the individual, causes them to create false recollections of an event (Loftus, 1979; Loftus, and Hoffman, 1989; Tousignant, Hall, & Loftus, 1986). This phenomenon has also been shown to occur in a number of individuals from various backgrounds (Frenda, Nichols, and Loftus, 2012), including th ose who have been asked to recall events as eyewitnesses (Loftus, 2013; Patihis et al, 2013; Shaw, Garcia, & Robles, 1997). Consequently, the misinformation effect phenomenon may offer one explanation for the creation of false memories in the working memory. With regards to language orientation, experiments provide evidence to show that false memories may also be created because of the events that bilingual individuals recall in association with the words that they have been shown during experiments (Deese, 1959). This idea is pertinent to the creation of false memories in bilingual individuals, therefore, to further investigate this phenomenon, the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm was used as a methodology in which false memories were studied (Deese, 1959; Roediger, & McDermott, 1995). In a number of studies, participants were asked to recall a list of words, associated with one word in particular. For example, sadness may be associated with tears, pain, grief, unhappiness, sorrow, gloom, despondency, desolation, or melancholy. The word sadness is not shown in any of the lists, but the associated words are. The participants are then asked to recall as many words as they can remember. Results of the studies show false memories to be evident in the participants (Cann, McRae & Katz, 2011; Gallo, 2010; Koriat, Pansky & Goldsmith, 2011). This suggests that words hold semantic power and have the ability to influence memories by filling in any ‘gaps’, thus providing support for the notion that false memories are influenced by language. However, these studies may be criticised through the suggestion that individual differences plays a significant role in working memory, and therefore must be considered when studying working memory (Daneman & Carpenter, 1980). For these language and memory studies in particular, it should be considered that individual differences may play a major role in the way that an individual interprets words such as ‘te ars’, ‘pain’, ‘grief’ ‘sorrow’ and so on, as these words may hold different connotations for individuals from different cultural backgrounds.With reference to false memory as a result of bilingualism, studies indicate that language was tested in separate DRM experiments but not manipulated as a factor. It was seen that each language had a different set of lists in the experiments. As a consequence, the comparison of words across languages must be considered with the utmost caution, as lists presented in one language may trigger a higher proportion of false recall that those presented in another language (Marmolejo, 2009). This suggests that bilingual individuals are more inclined to false memories that monolinguals. Therefore, it is essential that when DRM methods are used, these factors be considered as they may affect the results of the experiments. In conjunction, the findings from other studies have shown that where the second langua ge proficiency of the bilingual participants is mixed, higher number of false recalls are evident (Anastasi et al., 2005; Holliday, Kang and Lee, 2003; Marmolejo et al., 2009; Miyaji-Kawasaki, Inoue, & Yama, 2003). Hence, these findings must also be taken into consideration, as they may affect the outcomes of experiments which seek to examine the language recall or recognition of bilingual individuals and the incidence of false memories. Other research shows that false memories in bilinguals may be created due to the Schema Theory (Bartlett, 1932), whereby different schemas in the mind represent different languages. These schemas store the information necessary so that bilingual individuals are able to use various languages. When new information is attained, errors occur when the old information becomes mixed with this (Bransford and Franks, 1971). This process therefore leads to a distortion in the memory, which may be used to explain why false memory recalls are observed when bili nguals are tested using the DRM method. From this knowledge we can expect that the results of the present study will show that bilinguals have a higher tendency towards false memories. Comparatively, Craik and Lockhart (1972) stated that false memory recalls occur due to the levels at which language is processed by the mind. According to the Levels of Processing theory (Craik & Lockhart, 1972), when memories are processed, it is undertaken on different levels. If the levels of processing are shallow, the memories that are created are weaker than those which are formulated on a deeper level (Gallo, 2013). Therefore, if language memories are formulated on a deeper level than new memories, they will be stronger than new ones. However, a number of studies have demonstrated that this is not advantageous as this leads to higher levels of false memory recall (Anderson, 2013; Hunt, Smith & Dunlap, 2011; Thapar & Mcdermott, 2001; Toglia, Neuschatz & Goodwin, 1999). This may be another way th rough which false memories may be created in the working memory of bilinguals. Yet, in opposition, it may be suggested that this is not only limited to bilinguals, and may also occur in monolinguals. However, the speculations for the present study do suggest that false memory will be an occurrence that is more prevalent among bilinguals, not limited to bilinguals.. Others have stated that the reasons for false recall may be found in the way in which sematic representations are strongly linked to language (Cann, McRae & Katz, 2011; Wakeford et al., 2009). Each language has a direct link to representations, thus, when these are presented under experimental conditions, errors are found. When both language memories are being accessed by the participants in DRM experiments (Gallo, 2010), this may cause confusion in their memory. As a result, this could lead to some memories being triggered simultaneously, which in turn causes false recalls or the creation of false memories. This explanat ion of why false memory recalls may occur in bilingual individuals is often referred to as the spreading activation theory (Gallo, 2013) and is with reference to the activation of different semantic networks, which are used to access language memories of bilingual individuals. As the semantic network is activated, its activity spreads out across the brain so that the language related memories might be accessed and recalled. In relation to this, another notion named fuzzy trace theory has also been proposed to explain false memory recalls (Toglia et al. 1999).According to LaTour, LaTour, and Brainerd, (2014), false memories are seen as a result of deficient processing. However, recent psychological research has shown that elaboration and inferences can result in ‘smart’ false memories. These ‘smart’ false memories are explained by fuzzy-trace theory (FTT), which assumes that they derive from comprehension of the meaning of experience. FTT predicts that †˜smart’ false memories should be positively correlated with measured levels of Need for Cognition. (LaTour, LaTour & Brainerd, 2014) Thus, as information is processed and encoded in two different languages the representations, speech and main points of these memories are formed simultaneously in conjunction with each other (Graves & Altarriba, 2014; Reyna & Brainerd, 1995; Reyna & Kiernan, 1994). In accord, the main points of these memories may become related to other familiar representations (Brainerd & Reyna, 2002) so false memories are created as these memories are recalled because they were never actually created in the first instance. For this reason, false memory recall is higher when second languages are learnt as they are often learnt through accessing memories associated with native languages, which have their own schematic representations in the bilingual individual’s memory (Toglia et al., 1999). From this knowledge, it can be expected that the results of t he present study will show that bilingual individuals are more inclined to accumulate false memories. On reflection of the evidence at hand, it the several ways in which false memory recalls are created may begin to be ascertained. Errors in processing may be the cause (Anderson, 2013; Hunt, Smith & Dunlap, 2011; Thapar & Mcdermott, 2001; Toglia, Neuschatz & Goodwin, 1999), receiving inaccurate or false information (Loftus, 1979; Loftus & Hoffman, 1989; Tousignant, Hall & Loftus, 1986) or differing levels of language proficiency (Anastasi et al., 2005; Holliday, Kang & Lee, 2003; Marmolejo et al., 2009; Miyaji-Kawasaki, Inoue & Yama, 2003) may be held accountable. A single explanation which determines how or why false memory phenomena may occur more in bilinguals than in monolinguals does not exist. Therefore, it is important that a number of theories are considered when investigating why false memory recall occurs in bilingual individuals. It is also essential that these notions be examined further, in order for a deeper insight into why false recalls are more prevalent in some situations than in others. This could help to establish which of the notions that have been discussed are more accurate. In turn, this would enable a deeper understanding of how individuals that speak two languages utilise their memories. The present study sought to examine and ascertain how bilingualism influences false memory recall in individuals using the Greek and English languages. The research question at hand asked: To what extent does bilingualism influence the veridical and false memory recalls of individuals when they are asked to remember dissimilar alphabetic scriptsTherefore, the aim of the present research study was to test the effects of bilingualism on veridical and false memory recall when individuals were asked to recall dissimilar alphabetic scripts. In order to test this, the hypotheses were devised in accord to the literature covered suggested thatBilingual indivi duals will falsely recall words in Greek or English as they create false memories;Bilingual individuals will falsely recall different languages in different proportions, depending upon whether it is their native or non-native language; False recalls will occur in non-native languages more than native languages and false recognition will occur more in non-native languages than native languages. These hypotheses were tested through the execution of several experiments. 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Nature And Development Of Special Interest Tourism Tourism Essay Essays

Nature And Development Of Special Interest Tourism Tourism Essay Essays Nature And Development Of Special Interest Tourism Tourism Essay Essay Nature And Development Of Special Interest Tourism Tourism Essay Essay conveyance ( route, sea, air ) and travel services to do a tour bundle. Many circuit operators are doing particular bundles around a peculiar event, e.g. , Olympic Games. There are many web sites specialize in certain merchandises, like lastminute.com that specialize in discounted adjustment. Travel facilitators are all the scope of services offered to the consumers. It can be: tourer information Centre, circuit ushers, medical suppliers, currency exchange agency. Conveyance suppliers are those runing any major signifier of conveyance. These would include air hoses, H2O based conveyance and land based, such as roads and tracks. Land based conveyance covers all signifiers vehicles such as coach, cab, private auto, and bike. Rail travel has become really popular since gap of the Channel tunnel. Rail companies provide a scheduled service within a place state and clients can reserved the seats by themselves. The air hoses can be divided into scheduled, which operate with regular published agenda, e.g. , British Airways, and charter air hoses, which fly to certain finishs under charter to a circuit operator. Many states have their national air hose, like British Airways in UK. Water based conveyance is represented by ferries and sail ships. Ferries operators provide critical links between islands, rivers, seas. Cruising can be river sails, sea/oceans sails, e.g. Mediterranean, Atlantic oceans, and can be considered as a special involvement when there is something extra from sail, like instruction or particular avocation. Tourist pick of conveyance will depend on monetary value, finish, clip, handiness of the finish. Adjustment can be reserved separately or can be purchased by circuit operator. Guest installations will change harmonizing to the type of the topographic point. Adjustment can be divided into two classs: serviced adjustment ( where all repasts are provided ) , and self-catering adjustment ( where residents provide their ain nutrient ) . A 5 leading hotel can supply a full scope of services, such as eating houses, plasma Television, map suites, mini bars in the suites, room service available 24/7. In the train park you can merely happen fast nutrient stores and peddling machines. Suppliers of attractive forces need to set about the market research in order to run into all the demands of tourers. Typical attractive forces can be semisynthetic ( theme Parkss, menagerie ) , natural ( mountains ) , cultural ( Louvre Gallery in Paris ) . A batch of finishs are promoted via particular events ( World Cup, Olympic Games ) or assorted activities ( plunging, winter skiing resorts ) In add-on to attractive forces, a batch of finishs are promoted via particular events or activities, which include World Cup, Olympic Games. The development of particular involvement touristry. Particular involvement touristry can day of the month back to earliest signifiers of touristry. The first tourers travelled for specific grounds, e.g. , spiritual, cultural or for trading intents. Around the same period, the Greeks travelled to spiritual festivals, taking to building of sea ports and adjustment. In Medieval Times the pilgrims and missionaries became the most active travellers. Pilgrims travelled to the sacred topographic points such as Santiago de Compostella, Jerusalem, driven by their spiritual strong beliefs. Tourism grew over the centuries and spread to all over the universe. The new portion of touristry, known as Grand Tour, was developed in the early seventeenth century under the reign of Elizabeth 1.The immature work forces from affluent households were going across Europe to finish their instruction. London, Paris, Venice, Rome were visited by the immature blue bloods to better their cognition in the humanistic disciplines and literature. The Tours lasted every bit long as 3 old ages. In 1841 Thomas Cook put together the first bundle circuit in history. Thomas Cook s organized circuit consisted of: adjustment, travel tickets, timetables, attractive forces, travel ushers and Tourss, currency exchange. The first Tourss were for specific demands and catered more to the mass market with the growing of the company. Thomas Cook started offering Tourss within UK and shortly moved to Europe. The development of touristry in the nineteenth century increased due to coming of the railroad. It became cheaper, easier and safer to go, so non merely the privileged categories were allowed to go. The industrial revolution brought leisure travel to Europe. The in-between category had more clip and money to go thanks to the efficient machinery. In the station war period the development of wide-bodied and faster aircrafts contributed to the growing of the mass touristry. Increase in disposable income has made touristry accessible for a big bulk of population. Peoples could afford to take more than one vacation per twelvemonth. Another factor that contributed to the growing of mass touristry was addition in planetary wealth go forthing people plenty disposable income to pass on vacations. The political release of the colonised states built a batch of new tourer finishs, cut downing the cost of vacations. Nowadays, it becomes more popular self-drive vacations to Europe, cruising vacations, Middle East finishs such as Dubai, Egypt, etc. Traveling on the sail line drive gives you chance to bask your clip, there are a batch of activities on the board and the societal life is really active, which makes you enjoy vacations even more, remaining on the board of tremendous line drive. Low cost air hoses taking to mass touristry travel around the universe, e.g. Easy jet air hoses. The societal factor which contributed to the growing of touristry is linked with the new attitude to universe travel and leisure. Peoples are seeking for new finishs, seeking to happen something unusual and undiscovered. Development of leisure centres along with the increased independency of adult females has besides contributed to the touristry. Changing demographics, such as aging population, grown up kids have made a large impact on the SIT market. Sustainable touristry is one of the turning industries, which seeks to protect touristry finishs and cut down an impact of the environment and local civilization. With the coming of cyberspace, tourers can go to the locations utilizing web-based interface coders at the same clip cut downing the traditional impacts such as travel, adjustment, nutrient wastage. TASK 2 Understand how particular involvement touristry matches clients, merchandises and services. 2.1. Discourse the scope and categorization of touristry merchandises and services available to travelers. There areA many sorts of particular touristry involvement ; it can be educational touristry, athleticss touristry, sex touristry, wellness and beauty touristry, humanistic disciplines and amusement touristry and a batch more. Merchandises can besides be divided into assorted classs, such as rural, urban, over or under H2O, in the air and others. The categorization of particular involvement touristry merchandises: Educational Cultural Adventure chases Historical attractive forces Religious events Health and health Sporting and amusement events Educational Tourism There is no uncertainty that educational industry has already become one of the most popular types of particular involvement touristry. The Grand Tours of the seventeenth century were organized for young person with the intent of instruction. Nowadays, many people are going to broaden the instruction, to larn a foreign linguistic communication and to take a particular class. As an illustration, the short term linguistic communication classs are designed for pupils to better their 2nd linguistic communication. Cultural touristry Peoples who take cultural vacations are likely to see museums, galleries and exhibitions, or traveling to opera or theatre. Heritage touristry is focused on historical attractive forces and resources. Cultural touristry gives visitants the chance to understand and appreciate the indispensable character of a topographic point and its civilization as a whole, including: -history and archeology -people and their life style -cultural diverseness Many metropoliss have had capital of civilization position, including London, Dublin and Prague. Religious events touristry Religious vacations focus on sing topographic points with spiritual significance, like Lourdes in South of France or Holy Land Tour. The Holy Land is a land filled with history, passion and with presence of Jesus. The tourers can bring out the universe in which Jesus lived and besides bask the activities, such as scuba honkytonk, hiking, and camel drive or merely hold merriment on the Sun. There are specialist circuit operators which organize such Tourss, like The Pilgrimage Trust, a charity, which organizes circuit to Lourdes for kids with disablements. Sporting touristry Peoples can take vacations to watch the athletics or take part in particular events. There are specialist operators offering bundles for World Cup, Olympic Games. For case, Club La Santa provides luxury Spain vacations, athleticss vacations and fittingness activity vacations. The resort features over 25 different athleticss and different amusement is available. Health and wellness touristry Health and wellness touristry is now available for consumers seeking to heighten their well being through their travel experiences. The purpose of tourers is to look and experience better, to lose weight, to decelerate the effects of aging, to alleviate hurting or uncomfortableness, or to pull off emphasis. This market has become really popular as people are going more wellness witting. There are two chief types of wellness and wellness touristry: watering place resorts and medical touristry. There are many spa hotels offering fittingness categories, beauty interventions and different types of massage. Holy Island is one of the best watering place in UK, located off the West seashore of Scotland. The laminitis and vision holder of the Holy Isle Project is Lama Yeshe Rinpoche, a Tibetan Buddhist speculation maestro in the Kagyu tradition. There are many retreat and class programmes taking topographic point in the Centre for World Peace and Health. The island has several countries reserved for birds, animate beings and tree planting programme. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.holyisland.org/ ) SIT can be classified harmonizing to the type of environment: Land Air Water based Rural/urban Nature/wilderness Trekking, cycling and hike are illustrations of land based particular involvement touristry. The two chief manners of travel are route and rail. Some epicurean trains appeal consumer s particular demands and let riders to see dramatic sights from the train. The Blue Train is a brilliant traveling five-star hotel. The paths of The Blue Train both scheduled and hired return invitees through some of the most admirable topographic points of the countryside. The train has epicurean suites with baths and dual beds.The invitees can bask keen repasts newly prepared on board by top chefs. Water based touristry can be presented in signifier of submerged activities, like diving, and above H2O, like swimming, cruising and surfing. The Great Barrier Reef is good known for its diving activities, situated on the north-east seashore of Australia. It the universe s most extended stretch of coral reef and is likely the richest country in footings of faunal diverseness in the universe. Nature and wilderness touristry focuses on observation of wild animate beings and birds in their usual environment. As an illustration it can be tours to Africa Safari or Tourss to botanical gardens. Wilderness touristry experiences with undeveloped natural environment, which can include isolation and ambitious conditions. 2.2. Diverseness and categorization of tourer types. The key to success in SIT is to guarantee assorted tourer types are good matched to the tourer merchandises. Demand for touristry can be influenced by 3 basic factors: -purpose for travel ( educational, cultural, for wellness, for featuring events ) -ability to go ( sufficient disposable income, clip, freedom of motion ) -travel picks ( knowledge about finishs, environmental factors, ability to travel ) Assorted typologies have been made to sort tourers harmonizing their penchants. The best known are by Cohen and Plog. Eric Cohen classified tourers harmonizing to the nature of the environment they prefer. He places tourers into four following groups: Organized mass tourist-typically they buy pre-organised bundles from circuit operators ; prefer safe and unafraid environment and are likely to return to familiar topographic points. Individual mass tourist- comparison to organized mass tourer show more flexibleness and have a batch more personal pick. The explorer- looking for undiscovered finishs. The drifter- by and large likes adventuresome traveling, e.g. encampment in the wilderness country. Stanley Plog describes three types of tourers: Allocentric- confident travellers, who enjoy the travel and geographic expedition Midcentric- tend to follow the finishs after they have been discovered by allocentric Psychocentric- are less confident and prefer secure environment Market cleavage is a procedure of spliting the market into different groups with common demands and wants. The most common types are: Geographic location Demographic Socio-economic cleavage Psychographic cleavage Geographic location is based upon people live and can be subdivided by state, part, metropolis size, and clime. Where people live in the metropolis can besides reflect their income degree and ability to purchase. Demographic cleavage is the most common in market cleavage. It can be divided by: Age ( fieldfares , empty squatters, immature budget travelers ) Gender ( adult females seeking to get away from the usual environment and travel for vacations, ex. spa interruptions ; work forces prefer to go to more adventuresome topographic points ) Religion ( retreats, pilgrims journeies ) Psychographic cleavage determines tourer s behavior, their life styles, activities and attitudes. Socio-economic cleavage considers facets such as business, position, societal category, income degree. Undertaking 3 Understand the entreaty and motive of particular involvement touristry for clients. 3.1. Analyze the entreaty to clients of particular involvement touristry characteristics and benefits. Entreaty can be characterised as a sort of touristry merchandises that will enable client s demands to be satisfied. The motive is closely linked to the entreaty and seeks to place people s demands and wants. The entreaty of the location can be influenced by different factors, like cost, clip handiness, installations. If you are be aftering a household holidays to sea and sun finishs, there are a batch of states to take from. The specific location has to appeal to legion demands and wants of the household, e.g. child-minding installations, particular child s bill of fare, available resort area, etc. Entreaty can be influenced by characteristics of the finish, like beaches, attractive forces, figure of installations within the resort. There are a figure of other factors that can lend to the entreaty: Singularity of the finish ( Great Wall of China is one of the most appealing attractive forces all around the universe owing to its architectural magnificence and historical significance ) . Degree of comfort ( the tourer seeking luxury adjustment may happen the entreaty in 5 stars hotels ) . Authenticity of the location ( the reliable culinary art or traditions appeal to many tourers sing peculiar state ) . Political factors ( the political instability in Egypt led to a decrease in the flow of tourers ) Environmental factors ( tourers tend to avoid topographic points affected by natural catastrophes, e.g. temblors ) 3.2. Identify and explicate how the motives of tourers are met by particular involvement touristry locations and characteristics. Motivation can be defined as internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in people to be continually interested in and committed to a occupation, function, or capable, and to exercise relentless attempt in achieving a end. ( Businessdictionary.com ) Abraham Maslow outlined a motivational hierarchy dwelling of five classs of human demands arranged in go uping order: physiological- basic demands satisfied by such stimulation as nutrient and slumber ; security- demand for a safe environment free from immediate menace ; social-love demands and desire for societal credence ; esteem-need for sweetening and credence of ego ; and self-actualization-striving for full realisation of alone features and potencies. The cardinal impression in the theoretical account is that as a demand class lower in the hierarchy becomes satisfied, its finding of behavior diminishes and the following higher demand class becomes proponent ( Adler, S. , 1999, p 7 ) . Maslow s hierarchy of demands assumes that we all have similar demands and wants to be satisfied. Therefore, it is of import to use motives in relation to different tourer types. Motivations for SIT can be divided into two groups: Intrinsic motive Extrinsic motive Intrinsic motive includes internal desires to execute a peculiar undertaking, do certain activities because it gives you pleasance, such as challenge, skill betterment or relaxation. The accomplishment betterment relates to educational touristry and gives people chance to increase their cognition in peculiar field ( foreign languages classs, cooking schools in France ) . One of the chief motives for vacations can be a demand to rest, to get away from everyday s modus operandi. Extrinsic motive is the factors external to the person and unrelated to the undertaking they are performing.A Examples include money, position, wagess, and sustainability. Motivation can besides be influenced by demographic factors: Education ( tourers with high degree of instruction are likely to take part in instruction based activities ) Age ( old twosomes are seeking comfort and chance for sightseeing, while immature people are looking more for merriment and relaxation ) Family life rhythm ( parents with kids are motivated by topographic points with legion child s installations ) TASK 4 Understand direction demands and issues of particular involvement touristry. 4.1. Measure the organisational and support logistics involved in the direction of particular involvement touristry trips. Profitability- is the chief end of all the concerns. Meeting the tourer outlooks and supplying safe and unafraid travel agreements will take to profitable growing for travel companies. The chief thing is to do merchandises profitable attractive for clients by seting right monetary values and doing them attractive for the market. Market research is an indispensable tool for any concerns. It helps to place possible clients, their demands and outlooks. Target selling is a group of clients to be aimed. Potential clients with similar demands and features are identified and divided by market sections based on age, income degree, etc. Each travel merchandise is made up of several sections, e.g. hotel, conveyance, adjustment installations and for the tourers is all have to be organized and put together good. There is a scope of challenges coming with travel merchandises, e.g. Tour bundles, where the travel agents are responsible for every facet of the trip. Examples of operational challenges may include: Travel licenses: visas demands Infrastructure: indispensable stores, medical installations Language: troubles in understanding the foreign linguistic communication Conveyance: handiness of transportation managers or taxis. Logisticss is the direction of concern operations, such as the acquisition, storage, transit and bringing of goods along the supply concatenation. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.investorwords.com ) An SIT sporting event bundle circuit will include a figure of logistical issues to take attention of, including: Transportation system Adjustment suppliers Tour ushers Equipment providers Entree to the finish Apart from all the operational and logistical challenges, the SIT suppliers have a figure of administrative demands to cover with. Travel insurance provides the fiscal protection in the instance of unexpected loss of baggage or cancellation of the trip. It is of import to read and understand all the policies before doing a purchase. Visas issues may change harmonizing to the state tourists traveling to. For illustration, members of the household of the EU citizens do non necessitate visa to go to the EU states. Inoculation against diseases is an of import demand for tourers going to remote finishs, e.g. some parts of Africa. All the circuit operators and travel agents should be cognizant of the Torahs refering travel and touristry and go through the relevant information to the tourers. One of the chief points to be considered for all the concerns is to hold satisfied clients. It will consequences in more profitableness, less selling cost and a good repute for the company. 4.2. Discourse the ways operators resolve issues that affect particular involvement touristry. There are many issues that can impact particular involvement touristry, some of them are known in progress and others are unexpected. It is ever better to place the possible job and make the consciousness of possible result. The chief classs of the possible issues in SIT are: Hazard direction Socio-cultural issues Environmental issues Economic issues ( recession, glut ) Quality confidence Risk direction is an of import portion of be aftering for concerns. The procedure of hazard direction is designed to cut down or extinguish the hazard of certain sorts of events go oning or holding an impact on the concern. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.whatisriskmanagement.net/ ) There are many different types of hazard that can be classified as follows: Health- unexpected accidents, nutrient toxic condition Travel- holds of the flight, flight cancellation due to natural catastrophe Theft- loss of personal paperss, etc. Furthermore, hazard can be classified as known hazards ( tourers are going to politically unstable countries ) and unexpected hazards ( loss of paperss, unwellness ) . The chief end of hazard direction is to protect the clients from unacceptable degrees of hazard and besides construct the repute for travel administrations, avoiding fiscal losingss. Harmonizing to Sadgrove ( 2005 ) , the procedure of hazard direction is as follows: Identify and buttocks hazards Set policies Implement policies ; manage hazards Monitor hazards Tourism suppliers should ever rede clients on hazards by giving advice how to act in unfamiliar state of affairss or supplying the current information about the hazards that might be present in the resort. Socio-cultural issues can ensue in societal dislocation of the finish, addition in offense and loss of local civilization. The ecotourism is going really popular presents. Tour operators and travel agents have to be cognizant of the environmental issues associating to merchandises they offer. Some of the issues are: ecotourism and sustainable touristry. Sustainable touristry provides information how to esteem local civilizations and the natural environment and protect the diverse wildlife of the finish. The demand to supply the best quality and to maintain the criterions high is one of the chief issues of SIT suppliers. The best quality could be achieved by: Supplying the full preparation for the staff Good cognition about the merchandises being sold Right people on the right occupation Requesting feedback from clients Decision A A A A A A A A A A A There is no uncertainty that touristry had been the most of import industry of any state that is why most of them are making their best in order to keep and continue all of their resources that can pull the attending of their mark tourer.

The Rheological Behaviour Of Pharmaceutical Fluids Essays

The Rheological Behaviour Of Pharmaceutical Fluids Essays The Rheological Behaviour Of Pharmaceutical Fluids Essay The Rheological Behaviour Of Pharmaceutical Fluids Essay This study investigated the rheology of selected pharmaceutical fluids. The chief findings were that viscousness alterations with concentration, temperature and shear rate of the fluids tested. pharmaceutical fluids, rheology, viscousness, shear rate, pseudoplastic Most pharmaceutical fluids are macromolecular colloids that are can be used in suspensions and emulsions so proving conditions of high viscousness, easiness of pourability and hiking adhesion is important.1 This is achieved by measuring rheological footings and is related to the construction and molecular weight of the fluid. Viscosity is the opposition to motion of liquid and sheer rate is the speed gradient created from force of motion of flow. Three experiments were carried out, as described in the practical booklet1 without accommodations. Viscosity was measured with different concentrations, temperatures and sheer rates. Table 1:Viscosity at selected concentrations of Methylcellulose Concentration ( % ) 1 2 4 Viscosity ( cP ) 8.7 19.2 88. Table 2:Flow clip of 1 % PVP at two different temperatures Water Bath Temperature ( oC ) Mean Flow clip ( secs ) 25 291 40 195 Table 3:Viscosity of 0.8 % Tragacanth gum at selected sheer rates Rotation velocity ( revolutions per minute ) up incline 2 5 10 20 50 Sheer rate ( rpm/60 ) 0.033 0.083 0.167 0.333 0.833 Viscosity ( mPa.sec / cP ) 484.9 341.9 278.9 229.5 175.5 Rotation velocity ( revolutions per minute ) down incline 50 20 10 5 2 Sheer rate ( rpm/60 ) 0.833 0.333 0.167 0.083 0.033 Viscosity ( mPa.sec / cP ) 173.7 220.5 260.9 323.9 419.9 Graph 1:Rheogram: viscousness vs. sheer rate ( see attached ) Fromtable 1, viscousness additions exponentially with increasing concentration. Higher concentrations of methylcellulose ( linkages of A ; szlig ; D-glucose as precursor ) will incorporate more links and H bonds increasing stableness immensely, therefore exponential addition in viscousness. Fromtable 2, flow clip is decreased with increasing temperature. PVP is a polymer ( N-vinylpyrrolidone as precursor ) with C-C linkage between units. Increasing temperature breaks the bonds that hold the units together, take downing viscousness, bring forthing faster unstable rate, therefore less flow clip. Fromtable 3, viscousness is decreased with increasing shear rate with viscousness get downing to be given to a minimal value. Tragacanth is a polymer with high H adhering interaction with H2O and between the concatenation units ( web ) . Increasing shear rate, lowers interaction with H2O and detangles construction so molecules flow in right way, hence, take downing viscousness. Tragacanth exhi bits non-Newton behavior as viscousness is non changeless with increasing shear rate. Hysteresis cringle is seen as down incline is shifted the right of up incline demoing pseudoplastic thixotropic behavior. 2 Improvements to the experiment include increasing sum of repetitions, concentrations, temperature and sheer rates. Toconclude, seting concentrations, temperature and emphasis rate of fluids have an consequence on viscousness. This can hold many benefits for different utilizations of pharmaceutical industry. ( i.e. emulsifiers, binders, thickenings )

Case study 2- A Taxing Issue Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

2- A Taxing Issue - Case Study Example In fact, the government should promote incentives for those who increase their annual earning beyond a certain limit. I argue that for one to increase their annual earnings beyond a particular mark implies more job creations and more life to the economy. The government should also focus on cutting expenditure in sectors like defense to avail more funds for development. It is not fair to have different tax rates for different income groups. Discriminatory taxation based on one’s income group leads to reduced private investments. Most private investments consider profitability of their businesses. I therefore argue that increasing tax those with higher incomes will lessen the appetite for private investments. The government should only use a uniform taxation system. When running a small business, many financial factors shall influence in my hiring. The tax rate is arguably one of the main financial factors to consider when hiring (Kennedy 69). In addition, I shall consider funding and operational costs (Kennedy 207). In funding, equity versus debt considered where debt is loan and equity is the capital one

The Labeling Theory and The Cultural Deviance Theory Assignment

The Labeling Theory and The Cultural Deviance Theory - Assignment Example In response to question 4, labeling theory is chosen as the most appropriate theory to account for the case. Labeling and the Cultural Deviancy theories Introduction It could be argued that criminal activities are common in every society across the world. Furthermore, has been argued that criminal activities have existed as along as man and societies have contented and grappled with addressing them. However, what has been of great concern is the evolution and surge of criminal activities. In the attempts of addressing crimes, criminologists have sought to understand the causes and proposed an array of theories, including the labeling theory and the legitimate crime causation theory. This paper answers some pertinent questions in regard to the two theories. Response to question 1 The proponents of the labeling theory are concerned that the labels that are placed on the offenders through the justice systems. Such labels function to worsen the behaviors of the inmates because the labels function to aggravate the behaviors that need to be stopped. In the long run, this constrains recovery form criminal behaviors. The proponents are concerned that the criminal justice system has not only failed to stop criminal behaviors, but it is also functioning to reinforce the very criminal behaviors (Gabbidon & Greene, 2013). An alternative theory that could be utilized to avoid stereotyping within the criminal justice system is the cultural deviancy theory. The cultural deviance theory posits that the cause of the criminal behaviors in the urban areas can be hardly attributed to poverty, but to a distinct lower-class culture, which is mainly concerned about the societal norms. The social deviancy theory is based on the conflict perspective, thus perceives cultural deviancy as a condition that is normal that crime is simply a concept of conflicts within classes (Bereska, 2011). The theory posits that the lower class category contains its values, goals and ideals that significa ntly differ from those of other classes. As the individuals within the lower classes conform to these practices on the course of day life routine, they also interact with people from other classes. Their behaviors overlap and conflict and the lower-class group suffer the implication of being considered socially deviant. This theory also follows the account that as people conform to the values within the class, they may even impart the values to the subsequent generation. This theory acknowledges the basis of nature versus nurture, wherein the behaviors of persons are nurtured by the intervening social environment. Thus, cultural deviance theory is that which approaches crimes from the sociological perspectives. Cultural deviance theory does not present criminals as immoral and sinful people, and describes crimes based in the examination of race, social circle, levels of education and income, culture, among other social aspects and this makes it particularly suited to limit stereotyp ing within the criminal justice systems. Then the only weakness this approach is that it tends to justify crimes as unintentional. Response to Part 2 In my view, labeling is a legitimate crime causation theory on various accounts. According to the