Interview Skills Essay

1. List three key components involved in the communication process. †¢Sender (encoder). †¢Channel (Message). †¢Receiver (Decoder). 2. Identify three key characteristics of effective communication and briefly explain their impact on the communication process. Openness is a key characteristic of communication, as by listening with an open mind and showing genuine interest, the relationship and trust between the client and counsellor grows. Openness with body language is also important, as it lets the client know you are being honest and congruent. Empathy is another important characteristic, as by being empathetic you are concerned, understand, and care for the client thereby making a warm, friendly environment that is safe for the client to be able to talk freely. Thirdly, positiveness is important in communication. Using positive rather than negative messages, both verbal and non-verbal, shows the client that you respect them, their beliefs and believe in their ability to gain personal awareness and growth. 3. In the communication processes between a client and a counsellor, barriers may be present. List three specific communication barriers. †¢Environment. †¢Timing. †¢Perceptions. 4. Take one of the communication barriers given in your answer to the question above, and briefly describe how you would apply strategies to overcome these barriers. Environmental factors can be a barrier to listening as outside noise, telephones and even other people talking can distract you from getting a clear message and understanding of what the client is saying. To avoid this clients should be seen in a fairly soundproof room, with the windows and door shut to cut out excess noise. Also if possible, your phone should be on silent, so as not to distract either yourself or your client’s line of thought. 5. List two basic micro-skills of counselling and briefly describe how they can be used to facilitate the relationship between counsellor and client. To facilitate a good client and counsellor relationship, the use of active listening is very important so as the client feels they are heard, understood and respected. The counsellor needs to focus on what is being said, as well as how it is said, so they get a clear understanding. The counsellor also has to not let listening barriers distract them or the client. Barriers can include; judging, filtering, day dreaming or environmental factors. Paraphrasing is another micro-skill that builds a good rapport. By the counsellor picking the most important details and reflecting them back to the client, they are clarifying what has been said and the client knows that the counsellor is listening and understands what they are saying. Paraphrasing also help build trust and promotes sharing. 6. List one advanced micro-skill of counselling and briefly explain how it can be used in the counselling process. One advanced micro-skill of counselling is to challenge the client. This is used in the counselling process to assist making the client aware of faulty thinking, self-limiting and destructive behaviours and beliefs. It is very important though, to only use this micro-skill once the counsellor has built a good relationship with the client, and then, it should only be used where really necessary. Then with this new awareness, hopefully, the client is open to explore more positive beliefs, thinking and behaviours.

Sample Media Interview Q&a

Sample Media Interview Q&A Internal Question & Answer (Q&A) documents are often developed to prepare media spokespersons for interviews and include tougher questions than FAQs. Internal Q&As also include areas of vulnerability (e. g. who is to blame and could the medical response have been quicker? ) Use the sample Q&As below as a guide to create your own during a crisis event. Q: What happened? (Examples: How many people were injured or killed? How much property damage occurred? ) A: At approximately XX:XX, an incident was reported at (location).The details at this point are unknown, however we are working very closely with local emergency response agencies to ensure that the safety of the surrounding community remains the number one priority. Q: Was this a terrorist incident? A: An investigation is taking place and we will update you with details from that investigation as we receive them. Right now, however, our greatest concern is for the welfare of the victims and their families . Q: When did it happen? A: Early reports indicate that the incident happened at approximately XX:XX. Q: Who is to blame? A: The details at this point are unknown.An investigation is taking place and we will update you with details from that investigation as we receive them. Right now, our main focus is on rescue efforts and on the well-being of the victims and their families. Q: Has this ever happened before? A: I will be happy to research that and get back to you, right now we are focused on the incident at hand, and on making sure that members of the surrounding community are safe. Q: Who was involved? A: In order to protect the privacy of those involved, we are withholding the release of victims’ names pending notification of family members. Q: Why did it happen?What was the cause? A: Those details will be investigated. Right now our primary concern is for the welfare of the victims and their families. Q: Will there be inconvenience to the public? A: That information will become available once the damage is assessed by local emergency response agencies. If we gather future information, we will be sure to pass it along. Q: When will we find out more? A: Our company, along with our local emergency response agencies, will be providing updates throughout the day. We encourage you to check our website at www. xxxxxx. com for up-to-the-minute information.

Active Living for the Older Person

Active Living for the Older Person Annmarie Leonard Introduction I am required to compile a report on active living in retirement for the older person. I have to include answers to the following four questions: The role of the carer/organisations in promoting positive attitudes to ageing and retirement. Ethnic and cultural influences on the older person in relation to retirement. How health promotion and therapeutic interventions can enhance quality of life for person after retirement. Discuss how family members can be included as partners in care for the older person. The methodology I will be using throughout is the internet, books, library, work experience, personal experience and my own local facilities. I will be referencing throughout and I will have a bibliography at the end. Who is an older person? Who has the right to put an age on it? NOBODY. Each of us are individuals and our daily living is completely different so therefore our level of energy, fitness and so on are also different. We are all un ique in our own ways. Society today has different views on age, some think 40 is old and others say 50 is old, when in actual fact age is only a number. People preparing for retirement should never be made to feel like there life is ending. They need to be supported by their families and friends in order to make the transition from working 5 days a week for the last 40 odd years to having a lot more free time on their hands. A positive attitude towards retirement is a must also and you will find that the fear for these people is quiet strong and may cause them a lot of stress and anguish if they are not supported emotionally and reassured about everything including the bright future that lies ahead for them. The services and activities available in their local area will show them that there life is still well and truly for living. My own area of Edenderry supplies a wide range of activities for not only retiring people but also stuff that there family may want to become involved wit h. My local nursing home Ofalia House runs a day care centre in their premises which supply numerous activities for the older people in the community. These include daily games of bingo which all generations enjoy. I pop along with my nanny every now and then. Arts and Crafts, Pottery and Exercise classes are also available. Some services include a hairdressers at reduced rates so it won’t break the bank. (Ofalia House 2015) Along with what I believe to be an amazing service called â€Å"Meals On Wheels†. (Meals on Wheels 2014) They supply dinners to locals who for whatever reason may not wish to attend the day care facility. This service is very convenient for people and reasonably priced saving them time and money. My local library also runs a chess class for all ages on a Wednesday evening from 7pm-8pm. Arts and Crafts is also on here on a Wednesday morning from 11am-1pm. (Offaly County Council 2014) My local GAA club also runs bingo every Sunday night. This c ould be suitable for people who like to go out of an evening as opposed to playing at the day care centre. Again all the family can join in. (Edenderry GAA 2014) There are also a number of organisations which aid with retirement and other needs for the older person, some of which include Age Action, Bluebird Care, Active Retirement Ireland and Age & Opportunity. These are amazing sites with loads of information for the retiring person their family and also their possible healthcare assistants. It is also the carer’s duty along with the families in order to show encouragement and to be positive about everything. I would also be offering my hand of friendship which in turn will lead to their trust in me and I would take the time to sit and talk about their life experiences through which I have no doubt that I would gain loads of knowledge from and I would value every second that I was in their company. Sometimes all that is needed is a good chat and a cup of tea. They need to be felt valued and that their voice is been heard.

Retail management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Retail management - Research Paper Example The proponent of the concept allege that driving to work is a result of poor city planning owing to the cost and environmental implications of the practice. As a social concept, neotraditionalism influences enhances social interaction as people ride in buses or walk to work instead of driving themselves in private cars. In New York for example, the number of people walking or riding bicycles to work is still low but the trend has taken effect in most of the European countries and is slowing infiltrating the American society. Most people in the city prefer riding in buses or trains to work both of which are features of the concept. At least three of every five American uses a public means of transport to work. One in every of the five either walks or rides a bicycle to work while the remaining one in every five American drives to work. The statistical representation implies that whether knowingly or unknowingly, the American population exhibits features that portray their preference of the features of neotraditionaalism. The use of public transport either to or from work implies that human population within the city is predictable at various times of the day. Such times are either evening or mornings when the people rush either to or from work. Walking or riding on bicycles to work on the other hand depends on the distance to an individual’s office. When purchasing a residential property, most urban residents consider the distance to their places of work. This results in most people preferring flats closer to their offices in order to enable the either walk or cycle to work. Walking or cycling is a lifestyle feature that encourages healthy living thus the increasing demand to such features. Furthermore, a closer proximity to the place of work is a cost effective way of accessing the lace of work owing to the minimal cost implications. Observing such a pattern should

Frankfurt School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Frankfurt School - Essay Example This Public Institution began in 1923, where Marxism was the main theory as part of the Institute's proceedings. It was the first Institute of Research that followed Marxism. This change took place so as to do away with the Christian Religion and ideologies that involved the lives of the European people and other relevant matters. The members of the Frankfurt School developed a theory that was meant to change the entire system by which people of that century were living. The Frankfurt School was in full gear to wipe out Christianity completely not only from the lives of all students but even in the social circle and within families. Their main aim was to create a turning point in society where philosophical theory (metaphysics) did not fit into their concept and their outlook to life was a material world that depended on logical reasoning. This was an era of modernization with the synopsis of Marxism. Max Horkheimer took charge as Director of this institute in the year 1930. Horkheimer laid stress on the connection between Social philosophy and science. This institute developed a social theory that involved different branches of learning that could serve as an implementing tool to radically reform social conditions. This theory involved a combination of sociology, psychology, cultural and political economy along with the social and philosophical theory termed as "synthesis of social and philosophical theory". It also supported women's rights, racial equality, different kinds of post-colonial criticism. One of the series of studies that was vivid at the Institute of Social Research were the theories that involved exclusive trading privilege in the capital markets along with the advancement and functions of technology. It also involved trade between large dominant Corporate in the capital markets. In this study it also showed the deterioration of both "democracy" and "the identity of an individual". It also revealed the part played by the various cultures in the trading societies and the communication involved which gave rise to modernization in these various societies. It connected theories that were to take their place in the heart of social reformation making it last for many decades to come. The individuals involved in such thinking belonged to different branches of learning with a high level of intelligence. This intellectual thinking enabled them to keep the fundamentals of social theory always responsive and active even during a difficult historical era. During these tough situations these

Position Arguments on Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Position Arguments on Immigration - Essay Example en (160) points out some of these central immigration setbacks such as political tussles and dissension, multiplex wide contradictory state standpoints which have resulted in subsidized final U.S.A immigration procedures (161). Steve points out that vast attempts by the developing nations to combat immigration via coming up with new rules has flopped. Tim Johnson (163) proclaims in his Free Trade: As U.S.A Corn Flows South, Mexicans Stop Farming that free trade standpoint is not the perfect option in curbing immigration since controlled by vast firms (and bureaus) and managed by global associates such as the International Monetary Fund altogether with North America Free Trade Agreement which as a result has led to disparity and inconsistencies among the Latin American states overall financial systems (164). Brandon Hill (168) in Tennessee Daily Life points out that this financial recession came about after vast agribusiness agencies purchased large territories of Mexican cultivation lands and hence compelling the poverty-stricken inhabitants to shift and resettle. The unsettled poverty-stricken individuals result to seeking refuge from advanced states inclusive of the United States of America. Samuel P. Huntington (169) in his The Special Case of Mexican Immigration asserts that it is prerequisite to differentiate between settlers and immigrants, quoting that immigrants transverse between one or several societies (or communities for that matter). Huntington shows concern over the unwon immigrant’s battle. He points outs that, if for instance, the immigrants were issued with documents of residents after every ten years since 19th century; almost 1% of the emigration menace would have been cleared each succeeding year (170). In addition, David L. Altheide (180) in his The Arizona Syndrome: Propaganda and the Politics of Fear proclaims that fear has largely constituted into the contemporary erroneous statistics in the mass media concerning the illicit emigrants

Annotated bibliography Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Annotated bibliography - Assignment Example rch, I have examined various sources that contain valuable insights about the business model and management structure of Wal-Mart, one of the most successful companies in the world. One of the best journals done on this company, which I have found to be very reliable as far as understanding the company include, â€Å"Wal-Mart and Values: Painting the Town Red?,† which was done by Carden Art, Charles Courtemanche and Jeremy Meiners. This journal gives an analysis into the business empire developed by Wal-Mart. It examines the values and principles that have made the Wal-mart business, enabling it to become of the most successful companies in the world. The journal gives the business model that the company boosts of, which has helped the company in its business growth and expansion across many countries in America and Europe. According to the authors of this journal, the company has a wide clientele, appealing to both the high end and low end citizens. The company offers goods that are affordable coming in various ranges like electronics, food items among others. The journal gives the strategies and approaches being used in the company’s expansion program. Hellen has taken time to explain about the growth path which Walmart has taken in its growth in Canada as well as in most other countries not only in America but across Europe. Hellen explains that Walmart has embarked on establishing 11 new departmental stores that will help improve its competitive advantage and market position. The Canadian market has been thought to be quite productive, considering that the country does not have many large stores that can match those that Walmart has established in the United States. The author explains that the branches that had been established earlier have continued to perform outstandingly because of the effective management. One of these retail stores includes Bentonville, which is the Arkansas-base retail shop that is part of the first to be established by the

Leases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leases - Essay Example A notice to the other party of the death or incapacity of the other party should terminate the contract. If the lessee dies while in a rolling tenancy and it is [tenancy]. Set for a period of six months or more [fixed term]. In addition, is still valid, the goods will be passed on to the person named in the will. If the tenancy was periodic, the goods will pass on to the husband or wife. However, if the people left in the property have zero right to take the goods, the property owner can recover the property. The property owner has the right to withhold the goods if the tenancy was short hold. The property owner may do this only at last period lease and give a two months notice. So if the tenancy was joint [more than two tenants]. They can claim the goods back. After the end of the lease, the tenants should take all assets to avoid any further rent liability upon the death of the lessee. The lessor’s family may sue family members who try to avail themselves free rent. These obligations may come up even if the original lease agreement is void due to

Disagree Process Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Disagree Process - Research Paper Example It dispatches orders according to a set of conditions laid in the system. (Joseph, 2010). The system shows design, plans, and use of dispatch computerized system to enable effective, productive and consistent transportation for emergencies to the emergency room. Disagree process arises when one of the vehicle originally assigned to a nonemergency response may instantaneously be diverted for an emergency response. Also referred to us as a non profit response, because it does not arises out of a predetermined occurrence or risk that was discussed with the parties in question. (Joseph, 2010). Through self analysis of the subject matter that is emergency response unit in relation to its application to computation and disagree process I have come up with this two issues that are important in the disagree process. There are certain types of responses that are required for any technician or paramedic to respond to but for him to disagree with an order when he is undergoing a certain dispatc h one has to have a specific, important distortion to his previous response. The two important issues are: life threatening circumstances and non-life threatening circumstances. Other issues that relates to our subject matter are time to and from the scene of the occurrence to the hospital, distance to and from the scene to hospital, and extent of the situation. ... Let’s first start with life threatening circumstance, this is an occurrence that decides the impact it takes for a dispatcher to assume the response he took in the first place can or should be ignored or not for the sake of the new occurrence. A response to a life threatening response occurs through the radio the dispatcher has a decision to make to undergo his normal routine or to finish what he was undertaking or to stop and forego it for the knew order or dispatch. (Stone, 1998). This decision lies to the degree of this new happening. Life threatening is an occurrence that the paramedic is sure about it that it’s a matter of life and death to the patient in question or death is eminent without their response, but for instance the dispatch is made to a response or a vehicle which they are also in a life threatening response. What are the options that the paramedics will take in such a double scenario? This represents a significant challenge in optimization of resource allocation. The other issue is, non - threatening circumstance, this rules out the change of decision for the paramedic or dispatcher. Thus disagree process is not viable in this situation as the situation is not a life threatening. So he can undergo the norm. But this scenario is related to the September 911 bombing. The situation was life threatening to both the victims and even the medics if the response was effective enough and they were near enough to the scene of the incident then it was a two way traffic because even the medics who arrived first at the scene of the incident had some involved to the situation and were part of the problem instead of solving it thus a times situations are uncalled for. There are certain factors one has to consider when he is

Reflective Paper Essay Example for Free

Reflective Paper Essay Ethnocentrism is the belief that one’s culture is more superior to others and that they hold all others in comparison to their own. It is a concept that was introduced in the beginning of this course and has played a role in discussions throughout the semester. At first it is difficult to understand what ethnocentrism is and why it plays such a prominent role, but with the reoccurring appearance of the term in class, the importance behind it becomes more evident. If an individual has the perspective of being ethnocentric, then they limit themselves because of the mindset they have on the world. In cultural anthropology it is of great importance that researchers do not take on an ethnocentric perspective, because they learn more if they can set their own views and biases aside and focus on a different culture. Ethnocentrism leads to a narrow-minded perspective that isolates one set of ideas, values and morals. A society with an ethnocentric view believes that their culture is the center of everything, and that anything different or new to them is not sufficient. If a community of people with ethnocentric views were to gain power, then they could go to such extreme as to impose their ideas onto others who may have a different perspective. It is seen in history with racial segregation and the genocide of a race such as in the case of the Nazi power in Germany and the holocaust. In today’s time, when culture is constantly changing with globalization, to have an ethnocentric perspective can cause great interference with international relations. Anthropologists benefit a great deal from observing and learning from other cultures. They use a variety of methods and strategies to avoid ethnocentric interpretations. These methods may include, but are not limited to, surveys, interviews with individuals and participant observation. In the novel Veiled Sentiments author and anthropologist Lila Abu-Lughod describes her experience in the Bedouin community by saying â€Å"in a society where kinship defines most relationships, it was important to have a role as a fictive kinsperson in order to participate† (15). For Abu-Lughod to observe the intimate and personal moments of the Bedouins, she had to leave behind the culture she was used to in the United States of America to convince the natives of the community to take her into their culture. It is not unusual for an anthropologist to submerse themselves into the society that they are observing. Most find that they benefit and learn more if they go into their fieldwork with an open mind and assume a role in the society instead of retaining the position of an outsider. By stepping out of their own culture and into another, they can begin to understand why some people act and live a particular way. Laura Bohannan experienced such an situation during her fieldwork in Africa, she stated beforehand â€Å"that human nature is pretty much the same the whole world over; at least the general plot and motivation of the greater tragedies would always be clear everywhere. Although, some details of custom might have to be explained and difficulties of translation might produce other slight changes† what she did not understand at the time was the in depth differences between cultures (41). The exposure and research that anthropologists gathered can be relayed to other individuals and situations in their own society. With the knowledge gained in the work of cultural anthropology, an individual can critique one’s own culture and devise solutions to social problems. A society is expected to learn and expand over the passing of time. It is crucial that we do not fall into an ethnocentric mind set. The world is a diverse place with many philosophies on how to live life. By taking on the role of observing instead of judging, we can embark on finding out what these beliefs are and why they are followed by people. We can better understand how the world works. If an individual has the perspective of being ethnocentric, then they limit themselves because of the mindset they have on the world. Works Cited Abu-lughod, Lila. Veiled Sentiments. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1986. Print. Spradley, James P., and David W. McCurdy. Shakespeare in the Bush. Conformity and Conflict: Readings in Cultural Anthropology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2012. 41-47. Print.

Effects of Emotion in Eyewitness Recall and Recognition

Effects of Emotion in Eyewitness Recall and Recognition Aaron Glogowski Houston, K. A., et al. (2013). The Emotional Eyewitness: The Effects  of Emotion on Specific Aspects of Eyewitness Recall and Recognition Performance. Emotion, 13  (1), 118-128. doi: 10.1037/a0029220 In the world of criminal science, there are several factors that can interfere with the accuracy of eyewitness reports. This article, by Kate Houston and her team, delves into the effects of emotion on eyewitness encounters. The main argument that they are looking at focuses on negative emotion enhancing central memory while impairing the peripheral memory, where central memories are the main details that occurred, likely relating specifically to the action of the crime, and peripheral memories are the smaller details that were happening around the crime. Houston notes that in spite of all of the writings on eyewitness memory, very few studies attempt to show a correlation between it and memory. She goes on to hypothesize that negative correlations will indeed enhance the central memory of the event, further exploring details like the crime itself. In her observations of other studies however, she does note that high stress scenarios tended to cause subjects to forget details about the perpetrator of the situation, at least in the case of a previous study on soldier’s interrogations. In order to test their hypotheses, Houston and her team set up two different experiments designed to test recall memory performance, as well as the participant’s ability to identify the perpetrator of the crime, both associated with negative emotional response. In their first experiment, the team hypothesized that a negative emotional response would allow the participants to more easily describe details about the perpetrator. They gathered a participation group of 101 students from the University of Aberdeen (30 males; 71 females) to engage in the study. They divided the group into two subgroups. The group of 51 was shown a video that was meant to induce an emotional response, and the group of 50 was shown a video intended to illicit a neutral response from the participants. Both videos used the same actors and scenarios up to the point in which the story deviates to the emotional induction. Once the participants had watched their respective videos, they were asked to answer a brief survey about how the video made them feel. They were given several different emotions, as well as a neutral â€Å"I feel nothing† option, and were asked to rank all of these emotions on a scale of 0-3 (0 being not at all, and 3 being very much). After they rated what they were feeling, the results were collected and the participants were given a 20 minute wait period in which they had to fill out a questionnaire on likes and dislikes, though this questionnaire was truly only present to provide a distraction for the next part of the experiment. The participants were then asked to write down as many details about the video that they could remember. In the results of the experiment, Houston’s team discovered that the emotion-inducing video tended to cause much higher responses to negative emotions than the neutral video did. They also noticed that the group viewing the emotional video recalled the events of the emotional moment in much more clarity and complete detail than the neutral video control group, however, they could not recall details about the perpetrator as well. Their data also shows that there is not a significant correlation between the negative emotional responses and the amount of information given about the perpetrator and the critical moment. This data concludes that those experiencing negative emotions tended to focus their attention directly on the perpetrator, however, there was no significant difference in their ability to describe the perpetrator when compared to the results from the neutral video control group. While the idea that focus is altered in a critical moment coincided with the evidence, t he data could not identify any significant difference in memory and recall. The second experiment was designed to test whether or not negative emotions and stress impair the individual’s ability to identify a perpetrator when they are presented with a series of options (in this case, a photo line-up). Houston’s team used two separate photo line-ups for the experiment: one in which the perpetrator’s photo was present, and another where the perpetrator’s photo had been replaced by one that looked very similar to them. The team made sure to select alternates for the replacement photo based on resemblance to the perpetrator according to a method recommended by the Police and Criminal Evidence Act used to identify criminals in the United Kingdom. They split up a group of 233 participants into relatively even subgroups at the beginning of the study. They began the study in the same way as the first experiment: two separate videos were shown, one emotional, one neutral, then the participants were asked about their emotional responses to the videos, and given time after the emotional response portion. Once the period after the emotional response survey had passed, the participants completed a recall survey about the videos, then they divided the groups again into two separate subgroups. One subgroup was shown the picture line-up containing the perpetrator’s image, while the other was shown the line-up with the face double’s image. The results of the second experiment confirmed the team’s previous theories that the video was successful in eliciting an emotional response, and that emotional responses were similar to the previous experiment, based on their initial observations. The second set of findings turned out to be in accordance with the initial hypothesis of the second experiment. Participants who watched the emotional video were much more likely than those who watched the neutral video to incorrectly identify an innocent target as the perpetrator. Around 25% of the time, participants in the group in which the perpetrator’s photo was included would claim that the perpetrator’s picture was not among those in the line-up. Those who saw the neutral video were much more likely to identify the real perpetrator (40.4% as opposed to 27.1% from the emotional video group). In the group in which the perpetrator’s photo was absent however, there appeared to be no significant correlation between emotional response and the answers given. The recall results for this experiment were very similar to the recall results for the first experiment. In collecting their results from the second experiment, Houston’s team arrived at several conclusions based on the data that had been collected. Their data further supported the idea that people exposed to negative emotional experiences focused more on the perpetrator, but less on the rest of the situation, but they no longer had any sense of improved environmental detail. They both however showed the same level of accuracy in describing the target. The photo line-up tests show very different results however, showing that those exposed to negative emotional experiences would more likely identify the wrong target when the target’s picture appears along with others similar in appearance and features to them. When the target was not shown however, the emotional video groups tended to have similar results to those in the neutral video group. In the team’s conclusion to their article, they discussed the probable reasoning behind the discrepancies in their experimental results. They note that the environmental results differ between the experiments, showing that it may be unreliable. The data as a whole shows that negative emotional responses may have different results on eyewitness testimony, depending on the situation.

Alzheimer’s Disease and the Symptoms Essay -- memory, behavior, health,

In 1906 Aloysius Alzheimer was a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist who was credited for identifying the very first diagnosed case of â€Å"pre senile dementia† later to be known as Alzheimer’s disease. One hundred and seven years later we are still not completely sure of the causes of this disease and why only certain people get it. There are nearly eight million people in the world with Alzheimer's disease and it’s an advancing and irreversible disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions along with behavior. It can result in loss of intellectual and social skills and it can get to the point where it interferes greatly with day to day activities making daily tasks extremely difficult or nearly impossible. Alzheimer’s is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and people with this disease tend to live and average of about eight years after their symptoms become really noticeable to others around them, however, people can survive about four to twenty years with this disease depending on their age and health conditions. Symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease will gradually worsen of a period of months to years and the progression of the disease varies from person to person. Early detection of the disease plays a key role in the management and care of the patient with this horrible disease. In the beginning stages forgetfulness and mild disorientation may be the only things you notice. Over a period of time the disease progressively worsens and you will notice more and more memory loss with both short term and long term memory, confusion of dates and times (among other things), and the person having a difficult time organizing their thoughts. Memory†¦ It is normal to misplac... ...s: Regulatory perspectives and requirements. Retrieved December 5, Psychiatry, D. o. (n.d.). Result Filters. National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved December 5, 2013, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/221370452013, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article Research and Markets: Global Alzheimer Disease Report 2013 (Updated): New Drugs, Markets and Companies. (n.d.). Research and Markets: Global Alzheimer Disease Report 2013 (Updated): New Drugs, Markets and Companies. Retrieved December 5, 2013, from http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20131205005774/en/Research-Markets-Global-Alzheimer-Disease-Report-2013 Shiel Jr. MD, FACP, FACR, W. C. (n.d.). Alzheimer's Disease Causes, Symptoms, Stages, Signs, Treatment, Dementia, Medications - MedicineNet. MedicineNet. Retrieved December 4, 2013, from http://www.medicinenet.com/alzheimers_disease

Educating Americans About Islam Essay -- Terrorism Islam Islamic Essay

Educating Americans About Islam The events of September 11th 2001 created dramatic changes in the lives of peoples all across the globe. The devastating aftermath of the attacks of that day is never ending in the lives of most people – especially those who were personally affected by the horrific acts of terrorism. Muslims, in particular, have had to experience the backlashes of the September 11th events. An already misunderstood and misrepresented group of people have, in addition, had to deal with incredible biases, bigotry, misdirected hate, and religious intolerance. Many Americans who, unjustly, attack the religion of Islam and its faithful followers are, in reality, very ignorant on the subject of Islam and the beliefs of the religion. Their ignorance, fear, and need to find blame after such a traumatic event blind them from their own false stereotypes and generalizations, and they justify their own prejudice. This paper will first describe misconceptions of Islam that existed prior to the Septe mber 11th attacks and will then go on to describe how those negative stereotypes, along with the need to find blame, have caused many Muslims-Americans to experience incredible bias and discrimination, solely based on their religious beliefs. Americans, for many years, have misunderstood the nature and beliefs of Islam and the practices of its followers. The democratic values and ideals that are held sacred in the United States often skew the American peoples’ perceptions of foreign cultures and customs. In trying to understand the practices of Islam, Americans are often times unable to view Islamic traditions without being influenced by their own Western biases. Preconceived notions and stereotypes are continually ... ... http://usinfo.state.gov/topical/pol/terror/02030810.htm, March 5, 2002. 6. â€Å"Southern Baptist Leadership Chose to Spew Hate,† http://www.islam101.com/terror/sbaptists.htm, June 24, 2002. 7. Vicki Silverman, â€Å"Muslim Americans Support Anti-Terrorism Campaign,† http://usinfo.state.gov/topical/pol/terror/01101003.htm, October 8, 2001. 8. Susan Domowitz, â€Å"American Muslim Leaders Condemn Terrorism, Defend Muslims’ Civil Rights,† http://usinfo.state.gov/topical/pol/terror/01091907.htm, September 18, 2001. 9. â€Å"Poll: Majority of U.S. Muslims Suffered Post-9/11 Bias,† http://www.interfaitheducationinitiative.org/images/content/CAIROnBiasAndKindness. pdf, August 21, 2002. 10. â€Å"CAIR Report: American Muslims One Year after 9/11,† http://www.islam101.com/terror/cairReport911.htm, September 2, 2002.

Graduation Speech: May You Have Joy and Sorrow :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

I would like to begin my speech with these beautiful words of wisdom: "Not enjoyment and not sorrow is our destined end or way but to act that each tomorrow brings us farther than today." Did you hear that? "Not enjoyment and not sorrow is our destined end or way, but to act that each tomorrow brings us farther than today." What, do you all have hearts of stone? Where are the tears? Don't you see it even rhymes? Way-today, today-way, see that? I guess I sound a little too bitter about this don't I? I don't mean to. I am actually excited to be speaking here today, even to be speaking about the class motto. I don't agree with it, but that doesn't mean I can't spend three minutes talking about it. Those of you who know me reasonably well know that there's not much I couldn't spend three minutes talking about. I've been told that I talk a lot. But there I go already, back to the class motto. Not enjoyment and not sorrow, but to act. There are some things that I regret about the last four years of my life, but the enjoyment and the sorrow certainly aren't among them. Life is all about the happy and the sad, and it should be. I don't want every day of my life to be measured by what I accomplished over the day before. Certainly, there are areas in which we as a society could use progress and action, but that should never exclude enjoyment and sorrow from being a part of living. Today, especially of all days, we should be thinking of these things. I am not worried this 8th of June about what I can do to advance myself past where I was on the seventh. I am worried about the fact that it is entirely possible that I may never see some of you again in my life after tonight. Not my best friends certainly, but all of those people we enjoy saying "Hi" to between periods, someone from an old team or a class in ninth grade. That's sorrow. But then it's surely not all bad. It's summer, maybe not on the calendar, but in our mi nds. This is the summer of our senior year. These are the three months out of our lives that most of our parents can only dream of returning to.

A Critique of “Frankenstein

Good v. Evil: Which is Which By: Logan Emlet Frankenstein is a literally fantastic novel, in which a gentle creation, the Monster, is shunned by his creator, Victor Frankenstein, as well as all other humans. The Monster becomes so dejected that he turns murderous and vows to destroy Victor’s life. The book is definitely fiction, as the Monster happens to be eight feet tall and superior to humans in almost every way save looks. Although this is probably the most evident distortion from reality, many others appear although not quite so blatantly. In her novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelly uses symbolism and distortions between the world of the book and the real world to demonstrate the truth of Romantic ideals. According to Webster’s dictionary, symbolism is defined as, â€Å"artistic imitation or invention that is a method of revealing or suggesting immaterial, ideal, or otherwise intangible truth or states. † The dictionary defines distort as, â€Å"to twist out of natural, normal, or original shape or condition,† and as, â€Å"to cause to be perceived unnaturally. While these two words may not always mean the same thing, in the case of this essay, they complement each other to better describe the differences at hand. One of the principle beliefs of the Romantics was that symbolism is the cleanest way to communicate truth. Their literature supports their thought that symbolism has the power to mean many different things simultaneously. In their literature, romantics do not use literary realism, but instead use this symbolism to critique or comment on reality by distorting this reality. One of the things that the Romantics strongly believed and is clearly portrayed in Frankenstein is the evil of the unnatural, and that nature is inherently good. For the Romantics, unnatural meant anything mechanical; hell was unnatural as well, along with evil, and knowledge. The unnaturalness of knowledge is a particularly important part of Frankenstein. Repeating throughout the novel, examples are shown of knowledge that brings suffering to its seekers. What brings the most pain to Victor throughout the novel is the knowledge of how to bring life to a being. This knowledge led to the creation of a creature that destroyed the lives of those around him. Before Victor actually undertook the creation of his creature, he first spent months of study and research in order to discover how to give life. After Victor possessed this knowledge it was human nature for him to test his theory. Like a child who is told not to do something, Victor was compelled to do something considered taboo by the standards of his society, and fulfill his curiosity. This fulfillment brought him untold tragedy and pain. The knowledge of creation directly ruined the rest of his life. Victor actually says, although it is probably more likely Mary Shelly, â€Å"You seek for knowledge and wisdom, as I once did; and I ardently hope that the gratification of your wishes may not be a serpent to sting you, as mine has been. † This quotation fairly screams out the evil that knowledge has wrought upon Victor. In reality, of course, it was impossible to create life back then as it is impossible to complete such a feat today. According to the Romantics, all knowledge is bad, but the knowledge of creation was especially bad because life is supposed to be a very natural thing. The Monster’s this life was manufactured and so not natural, creating almost a double evil. Another piece of evil knowledge shown in this novel is the Monster’s knowledge of human beings and their interactions. The Monster is inquisitive and curious of the others around him. He feels inclined to observe the humans with the hope that some day he will be accepted by them. Yet this interaction is highly unnatural. It would have been far wiser for the Monster to live as a beast in the forest. Unfortunately he sought knowledge and was shunned by human kind as a disgusting lout. Without knowledge of humans, he would never have been tempted to try to live among them and so would never have been feared. The Monster’s inquisitiveness clearly symbolizes the evilness of knowledge; while we don’t actually have creatures like the Monster trying to live with us, we can see how knowledge led to the Monster’s downfall. Yet another discovery that leads to ill ends is the Monster’s knowledge of murder as a way to hurt Victor. The first time the Monster killed someone, it was an accident and he did not even mean to hurt the boy. He reached out to quiet the child and only on accident, strangled the boy. When the Monster observed how distraught this made Victor, he knew he had found a way to seek revenge. If the monster had never killed the boy, then the following pain on Victor’s part and disgust on the part of the Monster, would have never taken place. Now in reality, there are no monstrous creations that try to destroy their creator’s life; this revenge once again symbolizes the evil of knowledge. In the present, humanity has not discovered a way to give the gift of life by any other means than sexual reproduction, we do not actually have an eight foot living corpse walking around in our midst, but we can see how knowledge leads to pain. A case can be made that knowledge in the real world can also lead to sorrow. From the simple knowledge of the death of a loved one, all the way up to something like knowledge that a prophesy that the world will end on 2012 is actually true, we can find much painful knowledge. The past two examples were clearly bad kinds of knowledge, but knowledge that we may think of every day as necessary for happiness, such as travel or a good education can also bring grief. When one travels the world, they are exposed to many sights and experiences that can destabilize their perception of the world and bring them anguish. The story of the Buddha is one such example. Buddha had never been outside the palace he grew up in, and when he did he was immediately assailed by things such as death, disease, old age, and poverty. This traumatized the Buddha enough that he left his wife and child bringing them pain, and him, six years of deprivation. One way the Romantics view of knowledge could be summarized is by the old saying, â€Å"what you don’t know won’t hurt you. † School is supposed to offer a higher state of enlightenment, but many things that are learnt in school subtract from your happiness. Factoids that are learned can discredit a person’s dreams or prove them impossible. One such example is relativity theory; it could be a person’s dream to go back in time to see someone or something they miss, and then they are told that actually, it is impossible to go back in time. Another way the Romantics thought of knowledge could be a second old saying â€Å"ignorance is bliss. † One of the most powerful, and according to the Romantics, most dangerous things about knowledge, is that once gained, one can never rid oneself of it. If the Monster had been able to voluntarily rid himself of the knowledge that humans existed, he probably would have never have been disappointed by their close-mindedness. However, knowledge was not the only thing that the Romantics thought of as unnatural and so essentially evil. Mary Shelly also symbolizes the evil of the unnatural through one of the major characters throughout the book, Victor. Next to Shelly’s clear support of the Romantics view of knowledge as unnatural, Victor supports the Romantic’s criterion of un-natural. The things that were thought to be some of the most unnatural things were: wealth, education, productivity, and overnment. While Victor was not a part of government, he does display every other trait. He was wealthy; he grew up living in a mansion on the shores of Lake Geneva, living in leisure, playing in the Alps, getting the finest education. He was educated; he attended college in another country, and was always searching for knowledge. V ictor was productive; he surpassed all his fellow students at college and made leaps and bounds in his field of study. He is nearly the definition of what the Romantics consider unnatural. The Monster on the other hand could be considered very natural. The Romantics thought of nature as a work of art created from divine imagination, and subject to interpretation. They also thought of the human imagination as the human equivalent of the powers of nature or deity. So very literally, the Monster, nature, was a work of art created from Victor’s divine imagination and subject to the interpretation of the human race. Not only is the Monster the epitome of nature, he is almost the opposite of the Romantic’s definition of unnatural. He was not wealthy, educated, or part of a government. The symbolism here comes directly from Mary Shelly’s own life. When she was writing this book, she was having a bad time. Her sister died and Shelly was angry at God. This translates to a Monster who is angry at his creator, Victor, for leaving him such a bad lot in life. The Monster says â€Å"When I looked around I saw and heard of none like me. Was I a monster, a blot upon the earth from which all men fled and whom all men disowned? † This must have been very similar to what Mary Shelly felt. But unlike some Romantics, Shelly did not feel that God and Nature were the same thing. In fact she felt that they were opposites. God was deity; he was the divine, with the imagination that created nature, and she was the natural that was being stripped of all happiness. The Monster is a distorted version of Mary Shelly herself while Victor is a distortion of God. Through this symbolism, several things can be interpreted. First, Mary Shelly’s own view and unhappiness with God, and secondly romantic ideals such as natural versus unnatural, and nature as a work of art created by divine imagination. As discussed earlier, it seemed that the Monster fulfilled the Romantics definitions of unnatural. His life was created from knowledge that defiled natural life man-made so therefore unnatural. However, there seems to be an awful lot of evidence supporting the Monster as a natural being. He fitted to the definitions of being created by a â€Å"divine† imagination; he was not wealthy or educated. So according to this argument he was a natural being. This direct clash between two seemingly true opposites demonstrates one of the principle Romantic ideals, cognitive dissonance. Cognitive dissonance is an immensely complex psychological topic, and is considered a mental problem these days. Boiled down, cognitive dissonance means the holding of two or more contradictory ideas simultaneously. As much as Romantics despised and rejected knowledge, they also embraced it, because it was quintessential to achieving one’s objectives. Romantics believed that myth and legend was not truth, but it communicated truth. And while Romantics believed that nature was the only way to encounter the eternal, they believed that nature is not the truth but rather symbolizes truth. The Romantics even thought of morality as something that changes perpetually. So if an uncertain morality was not too hard to live with, a natural-unnatural monster was definitely not over the heads of the Romantics. Shelly used the monster as a perfect way to symbolize cognitive dissonance. The Romantics also believed that in order to have a truly pleasing and beautiful exposure, one must first experience robust emotions such as awe, horror, and trepidation. The novel Frankenstein presents all of these emotions and displays the uncontrollable wildness of rage, pain, and suffering, the novel is a truly enjoyable and thought provoking book. The present, whenever the time of reference, can be confusing and can create uncertainties to what may actually be happening. Some people believe that saying it exactly how it is is the most helpful way to clear things up. The Romantics and many others besides thought that symbolism was a much more successful way. Frankenstein exemplifies how distortion, when used properly, can distort reality into an exaggerated unreality, that however different, succeeds in pointing out the views of a group or individual.

TUBA: A Waray Heritage

They drink a lot of these because of its effects that can make them high or drunk and makes them forget their problems. Not only problematic people do these, but also those people who want to have fun, not knowing the effects that will happen to some parts of their body of drinking too much of it. Too much intake of these liquors can cause kidney cancer which makes it more expensive when it comes to treatment. This illness won't happen if they choose the right liquor to drink. In Visas, Wary people, who live in Samara-Letter have their own product called Tuba or in English, Coconut Red Wine.It's much cheaper than the there branded liquors because it's easily made and local, but, it gives health benefits to the drinker and can also make a person drunk and healthy. Tuba is among the best wines in the world which provides multiple wine benefits that our body can get. They also have this tradition in Visas wherein Warranty's used to drink Tuba every Sunday as a reward to their hard work during weekdays. They call it Domingo. In Luzon, it is known as Lambing but in Visas, it is known as Tuba, Ball or Balling and the only thing which makes the two of them different is the color and the mixture.In the Visas region, particularly in Letter and Samara, the Tuba is called Coconut Red Wine because of its color; it is red in color because it is mixed with Bark (a Mangrove tree that is reddish in color). On the other hand, the Tuba in Luzon is called Coconut Vodka and it is Just a pure sap and no Bark mixed in it and is almost colorless and sometimes milky white in color. Wars are producing a lot of good quality tuba, ball, and balling. Tuba or Coconut Wine has been in the lives of many Filipinos for a long-time now. It has been drunk by their ancestors before the Spaniards came.Today, we have indulged ourselves in the internationally acclaimed liquors like gins, vodkas, rums and the popular beer. This, however, depends if one can stomach such liquid into going all- out over night but, most people say, â€Å"drink moderately'. But if every person who drinks liquors would try the different aroma and taste of Tuba, which would certainly give a new flavor to a person's next-day hangover, they will love this different kind of drink. But it's the local flavor that counts and it certainly gives an old-school taste in today's modern Samara-Letter.But what is more interesting is the fact that this Tuba is to Just like other liquors because this has an extra-ordinary power which can help people in many ways. This is the reason why the researchers got curious about Tuba. The secret behind this; why is this still admired by others aside from the fact that this is already a new age in the society. To help not only the business persons, but as well as the economy of the country, this is being exported into other countries. So who would say that this is Just a simple drink that doesn't have any benefits at all aside from giving happiness to every person that drink t his?Be admired and be amazed by the spirit of the Wary heritage of Tuba. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The research aims to answer the following questions which are also the main focus of this research: 1. What is the process of making tuba? 2. What is the reason why it still exists and patronized by others? 3. What are the health benefits of Tuba? DEFINITION OF TERMS Management or Mismanaging – the Tuba gatherer; a person who prepares the collection of coconut sap and climbs the coconut tree to collect the sap.Sagging(scythe) – the knife used by a Management to cut the coconut flower. Sap – The nectar that comes out when you cut an inflorescence or unopened coconut lower. Bark – In Letter, it is the bark of a tree that is reddish-tan in color. According to Wisped it comes from a red Allan tan bark tree, a kind of red mangrove tree. In other parts of Visas they called it Tuning tree, a mangrove believed to be the best bark. Another is Bake , also a mangrove tr ee. This is used for coolant and preservative as it offset fermentation.Paso- a small and short bamboo tube with a diameter enough to fit the size of the bud, also called song in the western part of Letter. Domingo- a tradition in Visas wherein Warranty's used to drink Tuba every Sunday as a reward to their hard work during weekdays. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS The research focuses on the study about the Tuba or Coconut Red Wine and do not covers on other type of Filipino wine. The study is only limited on the places within Samara and Letter because these are the nearest places from the place of study, the Saint Paul School of Business and Law.The research only aims to know the information that can answer the questions stated in the Statement of the Problem. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Coconut Red Wine is a traditional Philippine wine came from the coconut tree. Another type of drink we can get from coconut is â€Å"Lambing† or coconut vodka and is merely known in the part of Luzo n. The tuba and lambing is closely related. They only differ in mixture and color. A study about lambing made by TED Case Studies dated on 2005 entitled Lambing: A Philippine drink.It covers the process of making the alcoholic beverage,Lambing which is known for its potency. It is primarily produced in Guenon Province of the Philippines,or about 143 km southeast of Manila. It focuses on Cultural Relevance, Government Involvement, Environmental Impact, and Market Penetration and Potential. The only thing it differs from our research is that our research is limited only in Region 8 , particularly in Samara-Letter. And our research discusses about the process in making Tuba and other related features about it.On the other hand, they are similar in such a way that the both researchers studied about the liquors that can we get from Coconut Sap. BODY The process of making tuba starts when the tuba gatherer called â€Å"management† climbs a coconut tree. While on top the coconut tre e, he would sit on the base of palm's frond and looks for a newly sprouting bud of bunch of coconut flower that is till completely encased in its taking (green pod). The bud of coconut fruit (inflorescence) is lopped off by slicing its very tip using a razor-sharp sagging (scythe) to cause the sap to ooze out from the bud.The stalk of the wounded bud is then pushed down to force it to bend and to position its tip to point downward making it easy to collect the dripping Juice as it drips. A container called Paso (small and short bamboo tube with a diameter enough to fit the size of the bud, also called song in the western part of Letter) is then attached by inserting the wounded tip of the bud not the mouth of Paso and sealed by wrapping around a sheath of giant (coconut sheath) and tying it securely with lapis (strips from coconut frond's bark or strip of rattan).This is done to prevent the rainwater from contaminating with the collected sap if the rain comes. With the availability of plastic cellophane and synthetic straw string, giant and lapis are sometimes no longer used as wrapper and binder. Paso is then left hanging on the tip of the bud for the whole day to collect the slowly dripping sap. The management would climb down and proceed to another coconut tree to do the same routine. The management (tuba gatherer) lops off the bud of coconut fruit (inflorescence) using a razor-sharp sagging (scythe).Refreshing the wound will assure continuous oozing of sap from the bud. By afternoon, the management would climb back to gather the Juice collected in the Paso and pour it into the hangout or Kuwait (big bamboo pole container) brought along by the management which he hung behind his shoulder (a wooden hook that fits the shoulder is attached on it, making it easy to carry up and down in the tree). The emptied Paso is then cleaned using a potholing (bamboo plunger, also called Paton r pate in Along) that would scrape off the sediments left behind and the assorted kinds of insects that came into it.The waste is thrown out by tapping the potholing on the frond of coconut palm. Then the tip of the bud is sliced off again to reopen the wound so that the coconut Juice would continue to ooze out. This is necessary because an old wound retards the oozing out of sap from the bud. The Paso is placed back on the tip of the bud before the management would climb down. Everyday thereafter, the management routinely tend to the same coconut bud until bout half of its length is totally sliced off and the bud's taking (pod) would start to burst open and the beauty (tentacle-like stalks) inside are no longer tender.When freshly gathered from the coconut tree, tuba is milky-white in color, tastes sweet, and effervescent (continuously producing tiny bubbles creating a cream-colored froth). This freshly gathered tuba, with no tuning in it, is said to be good for nursing mothers (as last resort). The unblended tuba will last only for one day as it immediately tu rns sour on the next day that eventually becomes Susann tuba on overall days more. If the freshly gathered tuba is mixed with tuning (a. . A. Bark), it tastes bitter-sweet and turns reddish-orange in color. If tuning is added as soon as possible, as if the Juice is still in the potholing or song, the coconut sap is immediately prevented from becoming sour, instead the tuning-blended Juice would ferment and would be aged over time to become ball or balling. A tuba that is freshly fermented with tuning and still effervescent is called bag-Eng data (a day- old or freshly gathered tuba).After about 12 hours of fermentation, the effervescence tops and the coconut wine becomes ball (or liana in some other places), meaning the wine is a full pledge tuba. For the first 2 weeks, tuba is filtered by siphoning to decant it out from its storage, leaving behind the laws (sediments) that settles at the bottom of the container. After a month of fermentation, tuba is then called a Balling (aged coc onut red wine) that is darker in color and tastes and smells like a fruit red wine. The longer it is stored the better it becomes.Tuba must be stored under shade, better if not totally exposed to any form of light, that is why some tuba maker bury heir Jars of tuba in the ground or hide them inside the house and covered the Jars with black cloth to avoid the souring bacteria to subsist that causes the souring of tuba. The container must also be filled up to its brim, devoid of any air inside, and tightly sealed the opening to prevent the airborne souring bacteria from contaminating the coconut wine. A contaminated tuba will tastes sour and becomes vinegar called Susann tuba (coconut vinegar). Http://www. Letter- tourism. Attachable. Net/Letter-tuba/, 2013) Drinking coconut wine is good for the health; however extreme consumption of it may cause several health risks and is also gizzards. It is always important that you drink moderately. The following are only some of its health benef its: Promotes Longevity. Wine drinkers are observed to have a 34 percent lower mortality rate than beer drinkers. Reduces Heart Attack Risk. Moderate wine drinkers who suffer high blood pressure are 30 percent less likely to experience heart attacks than non-wine-drinkers.Lowers Risk of Heart Disease. Red wine tannins contain proclamation, compounds commonly found in red wines which are good for the blood vessels and protect against heart disease. Reduces Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. Compared to nondrinkers, moderate wine drinkers are 30 percent less likely to develop type 2 diabetes. Lowers Risk of Stroke. People who consume moderate amount of alcohol are likely to experience of about 50 percent possibility drop from suffering a blood-clot related stroke. Cuts Risk of Cataracts.Moderate drinkers are less likely to get cataracts than nondrinkers while those who consume wine are 43 percent less likely to develop cataracts than those mainly drinking beer. Cuts Risk of Colon Cancer. Modera te wine consumption cuts the risk of colon cancer by 45 percent. Slows Brain Decline. Brain functions dramatically decline on nondrinkers than on moderate wine drinkers. Gaining these wine benefits is particularly simple. All you need to do is choose the finest wine that suits your taste and surely gives the wine benefits mentioned above.Eastern Visas has the premium wine from fresh coconut saps which is carefully processed to give you a delicious experience of its clear, smooth and unique taste. (http:// www. Vacationland. Com/, 2013) In Visas, there are at least three common ways of serving tuba: one is Signal, another is may chaser and the manly purr. â€Å"Tag† is that serving of tuba poured in the glass. ) Signal tuba is blended with lots of cola like coke, Pepsi and etc. It makes the wine very sweet and fruity to your palate and throat. The drinkers usually use this way when tuba has that Eskimos (Souris) taste so as to mask the taste.This is also used when drinkers are not brave enough to savor the strong taste of good (not Souris) tuba. Another way is May chaser (a. K. A. Disinterest) tuba is also served with a chaser of cola or any sweet drink, such as Juice, chocolate drink, sweetened coffee, etc. The only difference is that the cola is not blended to Tuba. The chaser is immediately served after swigging tuba. They dare to savor first the true taste of tuba then iron out their squirming face with a chaser. And the last one is called Purr- from the Spanish word purr (meaning â€Å"pure†).One has to swig a tag of pure tuba without sipping any chaser afterward. This will surely give you the truest meaning of saying â€Å"Ayah! † to a drink. This is also considered the best way of drinking Tuba because in this way you will surely taste the original taste or the strong taste of Tuba. METHODOLOGY The topic about the most famous liquor in Samara-Letter came into the minds of the researchers. The study of the topic was more on interview and researching information from the internet and trig-media than on disseminating survey questionnaires.The researchers interviewed Managements from different area of the region, namely from Bases, Tactical and Marabou to know the process of making tuba and their secrets behind its flavor or taste. The researchers went to Tactical City, Letter and interviewed suppliers/importers of Tuba to know their way of selling it also some of the small store owners of Tuba businesses. The rest of the information was gathered through reading the newspaper, listening to the news and surfing in the internet. And also through the information gathered, the researchers analyzed those data and organized the information taken up.SUMMARY The researchers learned the process of making Tuba by interviewing the manufacturers of it called Management. Tuba came from a coconut tree and is made through a process of extracting the sap of an unopened coconut bud. It has a stinging sweet and bittersweet taste. Th e tip of the bud is lopped and the pale Juice allowed trickling into bamboo containers. A sturdy tree yields about a gallon of liquid daily. From coconut water, comes a syrup concentrate for tuba. Tuba is a sweet, fresh or mildly fermented sap taken from tapping the young expanded flowers of the coconut.The researchers also learned the health benefits of drinking Tuba. It promotes longevity, reduces heart attack risk, lowers risk of heart disease, reduces risk of type 2 diabetes, lowers risk of stroke, cut risks of cataracts and cut risks of colon cancer. The Tuba still exist up to the present because of its uniqueness in terms of taste, aroma, and also of its price compared to other wine. And also it is considered as one of the beneficial wine in the world. The researchers also learned the three common ways of serving tuba, one is Signal, and another is my chaser and the manly purr.The researchers successfully answered the question they were curious of. CONCLUSION The researchers c oncluded that tuba is preferable than other liquors because of the health benefits it gives to the drinker. The reason also why it still exist because of the cheap price and the benefit it gives to drinker, not only to the drinker, but also to the economy of the country through exports to other countries. The researchers also concluded that the process of making tuba is clean but hard to make because of the tall coconut trees that the managements climb every day Just to make it.But, it's worth it because it can help our country, not only our country, but also to the health of each person who drinks it making him/her healthier. RECOMMENDATION Based on the data gathered and the study conducted, the researchers recommend that the business persons engaged with the business on Tuba making, as well as to the government to continue exporting this kind of wine into other countries abroad o that this would be recognized by other people outside the country. And also, due to the continuous exp ortation of Tuba, the Philippines will be more famous and popular than it is today.The researchers also recommend to other students who are graduate and undergraduate of business courses to engage in this type of business, the Tuba Making. Aside from the additional income that It can brought to themselves as well as to the country, it may also help the people who drink this to become healthier because of the benefits it can gives us. The researchers recommend also hat related researchers with regards to the topic should be conducted so that this type of Filipino heritage, the tuba should be more known in our country.

The Architecture of Cathedrals and Great Churches

The nave of Amines Cathedral The Amines cathedral is the tallest complete cathedral in France, its stone-vaulted nave reaching an internal height of 42. 30 meters (138. Oft). The lower nave completed by the sass's under the direction of Robert De Leaches. Thomas De Cormorant completed the upper nave in the sass's and later the radiating chapels. The plan of Amines Cathedral is like that of the other Classical cathedrals at Chartres and Reams, as well as the Notre-Dame in Paris: a three-aisled nave with a twin-towered west facade, a three-aisled transept, a five-aisled choir, an ambulatory, and radiating happens.The whole design reflects the builders' confident use of the complete High Gothic structural vocabulary: the rectangular-bay system, the four-part rib vault, and a buttressing system that permitted almost complete dissolution of heavy masses and thick weight-bearing walls. At Amines, the concept of a self-sustaining skeletal architecture reached full maturity. The remaining st retches of wall seem to serve no purpose other than to provide a weather screen for the interior. Amines Cathedral is one of the most impressive examples of the French Gothic obsession with instructing ever taller churches.Using their new skeletal frames of stone, French builders attempted goals almost beyond limit, pushing to new heights with increasingly slender supports. The tense, strong lines of the Amines vault ribs converge at the colonnades and speed down the shell-like walls to the compound piers. The nave of Santa Crock Santa Crock is the largest Franciscan church in Florence. The construction started in 1295 by architect Arnold did Cambial and completed in 1442. The church is simple basilica style with a nave and two isles.The nave is mom wide and wooden ceiling is the succession of early Christian architecture. Basically the building is modified- Gothic style which has come from Sectarian church and has bring into Tuscany. The imposing interior has a nave and two side ai sles separated by slender octagonal piers from which spring spacious pointed arches with a double molding. The nave is wide and well-lit, with massive widely-spaced piers supporting pointed arches. The ancient choir placed in the central nave of the church was demolished. The Architecture of Cathedrals and Great Churches By mastoid

Final Paper African Americans Essay

Through out history there has been a struggle for African Americans to be accepted in our society. An African American endures many more disadvantages than most white people. The media and other sources have made blacks to look the same and has portrayed them in a certain light that may not be fitting to all blacks. There are many misconceptions that people have of blacks. Many people and organizations have had a part in bringing equality and fighting for equal rights for black people. African Americans have been at a huge disadvantage in America from the beginning. Unlike many other minority groups in America, African Americans in many cases were brought here by force and not by there own will. (000000) The first African Americans came to America in the seventeenth century and were immediately forced to work for Whites. After much turmoil and even a civil war Blacks were finally given there freedom with the Emancipation proclamation signed and ratified in 1863. Even after the proclamation some blacks were still enslaved and freed blacks had little to no opportunity. The struggle continued into the next century as blacks finally received the right to vote with the ratification in of the 15th amendment. The 20th century contained a world filled by a segregated America between whites and blacks through jim crow laws that existed that restricted blacks from interacting with whites. With a history like that it is no wonder that African Americans still have disadvantages in our modern day. America today is known as the country of opportunity. Although there are many opportunities out there it seems that there are more opportunities for some groups more than others. Many companies and corporations still use race as a indicator for hiring employees. In one study done by the National Bureau of Economic Research, people with common black names were less likely to be called back for an interview based on there application alone then black people with common white sounding names. Job applicants with white sounding names needed to send out ten applications to get one call back while applications with common black names needed to send out about fifteen to get one reply. (Francis, www. nber. org/digest.com). The research was done withe resumes of the same qualifications. It is easy to see that Black people are constantly bombarded by inequality in the work force. If there were inequalities just based on names of applicants just imagine the inequality when employers actually see the race of the applicants. Black Americans have been stereotyped for years and continue to be today. The media is one great source of portraying African Americans in certain roles. African Americans are portrayed as criminals, drug dealers and sex offenders in many instances. Many Africans are outraged at how they are portrayed in the media. Protest groups such as the Young African Americans Against Media Stereotypes have done what they can to show there stance on stereotypical media portrayal. â€Å"Majority of the time you see a young African-American male in the media he is singing, rapping, scoring a touchdown, dunking a basketball or committing a crime†( http://www. yaaams. com/) Many stereotypes about black people are incredibly false. Many people still think that black people are only good at certain things like music and sports. This is a very false belief and black people have contributed heavily to all different sorts of fields. Many vital inventions that we use on an everyday bases were invented by black people. The dust mop, pencil sharpener, typewriter, and elevator were all invented by black people. (http://www. black-network. com) Our society would not be what it is if it were not for Garret Morgan, the young Black man who invented the traffic light. http://www. infoplease. com/spot/bhmcensus1. html.

Text Analyse Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Text Analyse - Assignment Example The teacher should point out the sentences that were missing subject and verbs in addition to the wrong use of modals. In order for Jessica to practice models in her conversation she would need to listen to her conversation and write down the sentences that were pointed out by her counterpart or her instructor. She would note her mistakes then verbally speak out the corrected sentences a number of times as to practice the correct use of these sentences. The use of the future form is incorrect as it should not be used because of the presence of the adverb of frequency "always." Present simple tense was used in the same sentence with future tense concerning the same event. Jessica needs to get instruction in the use of future and present tenses. This must be followed by practical exercise of the use of both tense which can be accomplished by distinguishing between future and present tenses in the form of questions. Practical exercises should consist of different verbs put in different tenses in the middle of various sentences. She must be able to distinguish between when she should use the future tense and when she must not. Jessica needs to learn about the different hypothetical forms that are used in English. She must learn the correct grammatical and formation of "if" and "when" conditional sentences. She must also practice the use of these hypothetical forms as to naturally start to include in her conversations and thus better convey her ideas. To teach Jessica, she must theoretically be familiar with the correct hypothetical forms and she must practice their use. Theoretically she must be introduced to the correct grammatical use of hypothetical forms and then introduced to a number of examples with correct hypothetical forms. She later must practice to speak out and loudly talk using sentences with hypothetical forms as to familiarize her self and improve her conversation skills.

Marketing Dynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Marketing Dynamics - Essay Example This essay is developed in order to understand marketing dynamics of the green marketing and consumers. There are various consumer concerns which are impacting the decision making process and buying behaviour of consumers. Organisations need to understand these patterns in order to identify threats and opportunities and develop strategies according to that. There are various macro environmental factors which influence green consumer. These factors can be related to the infrastructure of the company, use and wastage of resources of the company, final product, recycle ness of the product and the work environment it has been providing to its employees. The case study in the paper analyses the Hewlett Packard efforts for the environmental and green marketing has created value for Hewlett Packard, industry and society as a whole. The efforts of Hewlett Packard company have been taken well by the stakeholder communities. It has been able to create a sustainable brand value through this. It took initiatives and efforts to gain attention of competitors and policy makers for the environmental friendly concerns. It is summed up that all its efforts have been focused toward its final consumer. The researcher also states that the focus of consumers has been toward the environmental and eco-sensitive factors as well along with the product and value a company offers for the price consumer is paying. The number of customers and consumer are increasing who are more aware and concerned about the environment.

Water pollution- a key to wastewater management Essay

Water pollution- a key to wastewater management - Essay Example Water can be referred as the lifeblood of socio-economic development of a nation. In recent years, climate change has displaced other environmental issues to become the world's number one problem.But the alarming water scarcity is an issue as important and even more immediate threat. The Earth, with its abundant and diverse life forms, including more than six billion human beings, at the 21st century is confronting a severe water crisis. A decade ago it was announced that by 2025 one third of the world population suffer this shortage, but that threshold has already been reached. Two billion people suffer from this problem and by 2025, that calculation could be double (more than four billion, taking into account the increase of the world population), unless there are changes in the trends of today. Demand for water is increasing rapidly, but its supply is limited, decreases and is affected by the deterioration of watersheds due to deforestation and erosion (Johnson, Revenga and Echeve rria 1071). The underground fluid extraction has caused declines in groundwater levels in India, China, Russia, the United States and Western Asia. The global population explosion, breathless advancement on the scientific front, the surge in standard of living of man, and his ingenuity in abusing scientific knowledge, all have placed accumulative demands on natural resources of water. Overlying on this is the water pollution problem which deeply affects the utility of available supplies (Stander 774). The water supply specifically comprises of that found in lakes, underground reservoirs, along with that is brought from afar by pipelines and canals. Some of it evaporates, some is utilized for farming and some passes to the ground. The remainder referred as run-off is liberated into surface streams and runs into the ocean. As suggested by Packman, â€Å"Of the 30 inches of average annual precipitation in the United States, about 8.5 inches, or 1.2 trillion gallons a day, is run-offâ € . This research attempts to explore the answers to the question that is since water scarcity is growing day by day, being an important cause of the issue, can improvement in wastewater management help in solving the problem? The main argument for the research could be that the waste water management can be improved while the other side focuses on the increasing industrialization which hinders the efficiency of wastewater management. So in order to investigate the answer to my research question, various sources are rhetorically analyzed and various views on the topic are generated. â€Å"Global Water Shortage: Will the Earth run out of fresh water?† This is a research paper written by Mary H. Cooper and serves as a comprehensive source for acknowledging the issue of water shortage worldwide. The article introduces the topic as a controversy that revolves around the most essential commodity for life i.e. water. The author thoroughly analyzed the issue and proposed that the re are several causes of water shortage, including the population growth, mismanagement of water resources as well as pollution. The author persuasively conveys that the in order to address the water shortage issue, there are less number of pragmatic technological solutions are available. So the ways suggested by the author to cut down demand include the conservation measures and letting consumers pay off the actual cost of the water utilized by them. According to author, water mismanagement has turned a large proportion of the fresh water of the world into a leading infectious disease source. And the sewage and the waste water treatment are referred as the main culprit. Although the source does not provide a single solution, but the pros and cons of the water management are provided (Cooper). â€Å"Water for the Future† This topic refers to a report by M. Packman. In the given report, the author had explored the various water resources available to the world along with the

Report on CAN Bus Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Report on CAN Bus Technologies - Essay Example In the wake of which Intel delivered the first CAN chip, the 82526. Shortly thereafter, Philips Semiconductors introduced the 82C200 CAN controller On the academic front where larger universities and research labs obtained more computers during the late 1960s, experiments were started to meet the demand of setting up communication links between these computers so that the data could be shared swiftly with least interruptions and without other undesirable delays. Hence the development of Ethernet at XEROX PARC 1973-75[4], and its subsequent deployment followed by the seminal paper - "Ethernet Distributed Packet Switching For Local Computer Networks" in 1976 by Metcalfe and Boggs. By early 80s, the flux of Dos based computers in the Industry, where resources such as Disk space and Laser printers were dear, triggered the need to share them along with the data over the channel that could be easily adjusted. In other words these were the early attempts made to provide a solution to meet the demand of sharing resources and smart delivery system and transferring data over affordable physical wiring. Of which only Novel Netware could provide a relatively feasible solution with an operating system that could put 40 computers in a network sharing data and the resources over the same wiring network. By 1992, when many vendors used their technologies, only compatible to their own equipments, to produce solutions by setting up communication links between two or more devices, no one could convince the other to form an open system that was compatible in general, the need to found a user's group to standardize the different solutions forced Holger Zeltwanger to bring together users and manufacturers to establish the 'CAN in Automation' (CiA) international users and manufacturers association. Since no standard protocols existed to transfer or receive data at either end of the communication channel provided by various vendors, the foremost job of CiA was to set up the specifications of the CAN Application Layer (CAL). And by 1993, Bosch led a European consortium to design a test project with communication protocols- a step towards setting up a compatible system for internal working of productions cells: the CANopen. The system aimed at providing a framework for programmable systems, devices to suit the systems, interfacing between various components and the application profiles. This facility enabled the industry to exploit it in the printing devices, medicals devices and many more. By early 1990s efforts were made to develop a communication profile to address the layers that dealt with the applications at communicating ends. 'DeviceNet' and 'Smart Distributed System' (SDS) were developed. These were the higher layers and the focus of these

Claiming feminism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Claiming feminism - Essay Example A feminist woman is, thus, someone who does not appear to be agreeable in any way and who indulges in fighting over every little issue, making it, it seems her worldview to argue with everyone. This stereotype has done quite a lot to damage the cause of feminism, and thus women liberation. Moreover, it is because of this stereotypical feminist that not only men, but women also, find themselves considering feminism and everything related to it in a very negative light. The myth is ever present and there seems to be a need to end it, however, just how it is to be done successfully, and just how one can convince the general population about the pivotal role of feminists when it comes to changing the worldview regarding women in general are questions that need to be answered with a lot of thought and consideration. During the 1970s and 1980s, the feminist movement found much success; women joined a struggle to create a world where they were the equal counterparts of men, and where they were not discriminated against based on their sex. These women, the pioneer feminists one can call them maybe, paved the road for those that came after them; they fought for equal rights when it came to employment, for wages that were equal to their male counterparts, for protection against sexual harassment against women. In short, all matters that were considered to be an issue for any women were considered to be part of the feminist agenda as well. The feminists were at a war-path, so to speak, to eradicate all forms of sexism found in their society. This was, indeed, a noble cause, however, it has been much maligned and misunderstood, and perhaps that is the reason of it being suspect to a lot of people. In her article â€Å"Fear of Feminism,† Lisa Maria Hogeland discusses just how hard it is for the woman of today to join the feminist movement. Many women of today do not

Challenges of International Apparel Brands in Penetrating China Essay

Challenges of International Apparel Brands in Penetrating China - Essay Example This paper further emphasises on the study of Chinese culture and its impact on the consumers’ preferences. China as a growing economy is seen as the prospect for the foreign brands to explore the country. China is said to be the land of opportunity and to analyse its true nature the paper has focused on the implication of Chinese culture and what international brands requires to be a part of the Chinese business market. Why china is an important market? How can china help international brands to extend their market share? These questions have also been the point of discussion in the paper. It can also be seen that China though offers opportunity, but for any foreign brand to expand into China would require a research on the Chinese consumers behaviour. Consumer research based on the behavioural pattern can make the international brands understand the market in a better way to implement the right strategy. A thorough research based on the analysis of data collection and other methods can play a significant role in understanding the true nature of consumer behaviour in context to the Chinese culture (Hoyer & Macinnis, 2009, p. 40). Methodology Research methodology can be defined as the process of analysing, collecting and devising the required information. Methodology is an important procedure for any company wanting to market its product in a new territory (Burns & Bush, 2007, p. 6-7). Market research methodology involves the explanation of the problem and the process to find the desired solution. The cause of problem and the research methodology plan are directly proportional to each other. The research methodology has also helped in determining the objective of paper which is to analyse the Chinese market and the consumer... The paper operates mainly based on research questions which can be stated as follows: Why China is an important market? How can China help international brands to extend their market share? It can also be seen that China though offers opportunity, but for any foreign brand to expand into China would require a research on the Chinese consumers behaviour. Consumer research based on the behavioural pattern can make the international brands understand the market in a better way to implement the right strategy. A thorough research based on the analysis of data collection and other methods can play a significant role in understanding the true nature of consumer behaviour in context to the Chinese culture. Chinese economy is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. Since, the advent of economic liberalisation in the early 1980’s the country has seen unprecedented growth. This feature of the country has made it the hotspot for the foreign brands willing to expand their busin ess and extend their market share. Chinese culture in comparison to other cultures is different and this makes the road to success multifaceted for the global brands. Chinese consumers have strong liking for foreign brands as they hardly distinguish them as different brands but rather treat each brand as an international brand and use it to maintain their status symbol. The Chinese consumers’ behaviour has always been a subject of discussion. The case is the same in context to the international clothing brands expanding in China.

Principles of Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Principles of Microeconomics - Essay Example Price fixation and cartel formation is illegal according to the U.S law. For example, there are three firms in an industry and they collude to form a cartel. They fix the prices they will charge from their customers and all the three firms charge the same price. Furthermore, firms may also fix prices to prevent new firms to enter the market. This is an example of horizontal price fixing and is illegal according to the US antitrust law. The US antitrust law discourages creation of monopoly and price fixing to stimulate competitiveness within an industry. However, there are some exceptions to the illegality of cartels in the US. For instance, if the agreement between two companies is a tacit one, it is not considered as illegal. For example, Pepsi and Coca Cola do not have any formal price fixing agreement. However, they have a tacit agreement whereby both the companies charge similar price from their customers. They do not compete on the basis of price but instead involve in non price competition to increase their market

Alexander Calder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Alexander Calder - Essay Example Calder' firt exhibition of painting took place in 1926 at the Artit' Gallery, New York. Later that year, he went to Pari and attended the Acadmie de la Grande Chaumire. In Pari, he met tanley William Hayter, exhibited at the 1926 alon de Indpendant, and in 1927 began giving performance of hi miniature circu. The firt how of hi wire animal and caricature portrait wa held at the Weyhe Gallery, New York, in 1928. That ame year, he met Joan Mir, who became hi lifelong friend. ubequently, Calder divided hi time between France and the United tate. In 1929, the Galerie Billiet gave him hi firt olo how in Pari. He met Frederick Kieler, Fernand Lger, and Theo van Doeburg and viited Piet Mondrian' tudio in 1930. Calder began to experiment with abtract culpture at thi time and in 1931 and 1932 introduced moving part into hi work. Thee moving culpture were called "mobile"; the tationary contruction were to be named "tabile." He exhibited with the Abtraction-Cration group in Pari in 1933. In 1943 , the Mueum of Modern Art, New York, gave him a olo exhibition. (Haye, 99-101) During the 1950, Calder traveled widely and executed Tower (wall mobile) and Gong (ound mobile). He won the Grand Prize for culpture at the 1952 Venice Biennale. Late in the decade, the artit worked extenively with gouache; from thi period, he executed numerou major public commiion. In 1964-65, the olomon R. Guggenheim Mueum, New York, preented a Calder retropective. He began the Totem in 1966 and the Animobile in 1971; both are variation on the tanding mobile. A Calder exhibition wa held at the Whitney Mueum of American Art, New York, in 1976. Calder died November 11, 1976, in New York. Early Work & Non-artitic Career Born into a family of artit in Lawnton, Pennylvania, to culptor Alexander tirling Calder and portrait painter Nanette Lederer Calder, both Calder and hi older iter, Margaret Calder Haye, were encouraged to be creative from childhood. (Calder, 13) Calder' firt ignificant recognition a an artit came when he exhibited hi now- famou miniature circu with it animated wire performer at Pari' alon de Humorite in 1927. The idea for the toy figure can be traced back to ketche he made in 1925 while reporting on the circu for the Police Gazette. Made from wire, rubber, cork, button, bottle cap, wood, and other mall "found" object, Calder' circu include lion, acrobat, trapeze artit, elephant, a ringmater, and numerou other figure. Unlike many art work of the period, the unuual creation drew crowd from outide the artitic community a well a within, and the thirty-year-old artit found himelf uddenly widely known. (Prather, 22-32) Facination with the Circu Calder tudied at the Art tudent' League from 1923 to 1926 and worked a a freelance illutrator and toy deigner. Hi facination with the circu began in 1925 when he pent two week ketching at Ringling Brother and Barnum and Bailey Circu on aignment for the National Police Gazette. In 1926 he began creating the firt few figure of wire and wood which were later to grow into the Cirque Calder (Eagle, 7) Calder' firt wire culpture, Joephine Baker (1926), a witty linear repreentation of the famou American-born chanteue, wa exhibited to the Pari art community during the ame period that hi circu wa drawing attention. He decided to return to New York City late in 1927, where he gave a one-man how that included Joephine Baker, a well a everal of hi other wire portrait. Thoe portrait would grow

The Rise and Fall of bin Laden, or a Dissent into Cyber-terrorism Essay Example for Free

The Rise and Fall of bin Laden, or a Dissent into Cyber-terrorism Essay Osama bin Muhammad bin ‘Awad bin Laden, best known as Osama bin Laden in the west, is a militant Islamist and the reported founder of the terrorist organization known as al-Qaeda. He stepped on to the global arena in 2001 with his broadcasts on Al Jazeera in direct relation to the September 11th attacks. Since then his faction has had a downfall through the western war on terror, but it is widely believed that this is only a ploy, and that al-Qaeda, along with many other radical Muslim groups are planning to continue their reign of terror on the net. The media has deemed the term for this cyberterrorism, and it is the current threat Osama is expected to pose, but some argue that this is merely western propaganda. Bin Laden has been described as a tall and thin man by the FBI. He is said to be between 6’4’’ and 6’6’’ (193-198cm) in height and weighing about 165 pounds. Left-handed with an olive complexion, he usually walks with a cane, and wears a white turban. He is considered to have a mild mannered temperament and to be very soft spoken. He is thought to only be able to speak Arabic. Never the less, he is believed to be the leader and founder of one of the most heinously acting terrorist groups, known as Al Qaeda Osama was born in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Al Jazeera referenced his birthday as being March 10, 1957. Osama is a member of the prestigious bin Laden family. His father Muhammed Awd bin Laden had known ties to the Saudi royal family, as well as a prominent business. His father, poor and uneducated before World War I, he immigrated from Hadhramaut to Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. It was here, where he began to work as a porter. In 1930, Muhammed started his own business; he built his fortune as a building contractor for the Saudi royal family during the 1950’s. It is estimated that Muhammed bin Laden has as many as 55 sons, of which Osama is assumed to be his seventeenth son, but the only from his tenth wife. This led to an upbringing that kept him unfamiliar with his father. Bin Laden attended the secular Al-Thager Model secondary school from 1968 to 1976 where he was raised as a devout Sunni Muslim. The largest denomination of Islam, Sunni Muslims are also refered to as Ahlus Sunnah wal-Jamaa’h which basically means people of the example, or of Muhammad. As a result of King Faisal welcoming exiled teachers from Syria, Egypt and Jordan to Saudi Arabia in the 60’s, it was not too uncommon for members of the Muslim Brotherhood to be found teaching at Saudi schools and universities. During this time, Osama is believed to have been influenced by many of the teachings promoted by these exiles. It is also thought that Osama might have studied economics and business administration at King Abdulaziz University, and that he might have earned a degree in civil engineering in 1979. He is also said to never have graduated from college. Whatever his collegiate experience entails, it is now known that he spent the last 30 years since his college days contributing to the growth of the Muslim Brotherhood known as al-Qaeda, which performed its first military act in 1994. The Talibans first large military operation took place in October 1994 when it seized the Pasha munitions depot and the town of Spin Boldak on the Pakistani border, held at the time by Hizb-i Islami commanders. The capture of the arms dump provided them with an enormous quantity of military materiel, including rockets, ammunition, artillery, and small arms. Green, 2002) These attacks were the beginning of Osama’s reign. Later he would lead al-Qaeda to what they would deem to be the greatest statement of their western disapproval. Osama grew notorious through Al Jazeera, which gained its fame following the September 11th attacks, when the network broadcasted video statements by Osama bin Laden and other members of al-Qaeda. Al Jazeera, which in Arabic means The Island is a television network headquarters located in Doha, Qatar. The networks satellite capabilities enabled it to change the social landscape of the Middle East. Prior to its emergence, Middle Eastern citizens were only able to watch TV channels of stat-censored national stations. Al Jazeera introduced an unprecedented level of freedom of speech for most countries. On September 11th, 2001 Al Jazeera gained worldwide recognition with its broadcasts of al-Qaeda. Osama bin Laden gained an unprecedented level of global familiarity as well. The western fear of terrorism can entirely be credited as a product of his hate, which has complicated the western perception of rightful civil liberty. In her article Al Qaeda, Terrorism, and Military Comissions, Ruth Wedgwood proves that though most American citizens consider terrorism to be a federal and national problem, it is very much a local one. Al Qaeda’s published doctrine maintains that there are no innocent civilians in Western society (Wedgwood, 2002)†¦ She later goes on to analyze the psychological foundation they use to form their tenet and she says †¦this tenet leads it to the gravest of international crime (Wedgwood, 2002). Despite the fear bin Laden has been able to instill in the American people, there are many rumors that his financial backing is not as strong as it was in 2001. This could be the mark of his downfall, or just a shift in the types of terrorist acts al-Qaeda performs. The attacks on 9/11 and the ideology of the Taliban adhere to the power inherent in fear, and exploiting fear is not always a costly venture. The twin towers, the White House and the Pentagon are all symbols of American security and their presence provides a certain level of comfort for our society. Though security officials are trained to counter attacks on our civilization, there was a false faith formed over time that attacks such as 9/11 were inconceivable, nor possible to carryout. Now our country has grown impervious to this type of thought. Western civilization has waged war on the Jihad; securities are enhanced, and we are less likely to be vulnerable to the same form of attacks. Even still, western as well as eastern societies still have a major vulnerability that can exploited through the internet. In his Washington Post article Consultant Hacks FBI’s Computer System Martin H. Bosworth reports on an outside consultant hired by the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) who breached the agency’s computer network and gained access to over 38,000 employee’s passwords. The hacker, known as Joseph Colon claimed he used run-of-the-mill hacker techniques that can be easily found on the internet. He gained access to such information as the Witness Protection Program, but can this be defined as terrorism? The United States Department of State defines terrorism as premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by sub national groups or clandestine agents (Gordon, 2003). This interpretation of terrorism becomes a very vague one when the internet is merged with this definition. The product of the two is cyberterrorism, but their have been a wide range of definitions posed since the terms advent in the 1980’s by Barry Collins (Gordon, 2003). Dorothy Denning is a computer science professor at Georgetown University, and one of the country’s foremost respected cyber-security experts. Her views are referred to numerous times in more than a few articles reviewed in this paper. In Denning’s Testimony before the Special Oversight Panel on Terrorism, the most widely cited paper on Cyberterrorism, she defines the term as an act carried out on the internet with the intention to do major, or significant damage to society, the likes of which would impede the process of a community’s civil liberty (Denning, 2000). Denning’s definition is very clarifying because it identifies the difference between a cyberterrorist and a hacker. Where a cyberterrorist acts with the intent of severely impacting the economy or civil morale of the country, a hacker merely causes nonessential or at the most costly damage. For every publication produced that argues cyber-terrorism is a major threat, there is another arguing that it is a hoax. Many of these authors who hold this position argue it is a form of presidential propaganda. In his article, Cyberterrorism: There are many ways terrorists can kill you—computers aren’t one of them, Joshua Green argues that the Bush administration’s infatuation with preaching the dangers of cyberterrorism is one that has become a pattern since September 11th. None are more exemplary of exploiting the public’s misunderstanding of the term, along with their fears, than Homeland Security Director Tom Ridge, which Green proves with this quote by Ridge: Terrorists can sit at one computer connected to one network and can create worldwide havoc, warned Homeland Security Director Tom Ridge in a representative observation last April. [They] dont necessarily need a bomb or explosives to cripple a sector of the economy, or shut down a power grid. (Green, 2002) Green further points out that Ridge’s propaganda is not without merit considering that a survey of 725 cities conducted by the National League of Cities for the Anniversary of the 9/11 attacks s howed that cyberterrorism ranked with biological and chemical weapons at the top of a list made by officials of the single most feared threats (2002). Despite this, it must be remembered that Green’s article was published in The Washington Monthly a little more than a year after the 9/11 attacks. At this particular point information was scarce and Bush’s scare tactics were still at the height of their influence; and yet, Green has enough sense to question the motives behind those who use cyberterrorism as a way to instill fear in the fear in the American public. Green points out that the federal government requested $4. 5 billion in cyber investigative security; Bush appointed Richard Clarke to his created position of cybersecurity czar assigning him an office in the White House, and The Washington Post developed a habit of publishing first page headlines like: Cyber-Attacks by Al Qaeda Feared, Terrorists at Threshold of Using Internet as Tool of Bloodshed, Experts Say (Green, 2002). Green recognizes that all of these actions would be reasonable responses to an actual looming threat, but they fail to muster any sort of rationale considering that, as he states, there is no such thing as cyberterrorismno instance of anyone ever having been killed by a terrorist (or anyone else) using a computer (2002). In sum, despite the lack of proof of the potential threat which cyber terrorism poses. It is agreed by most political and military analysts that al-Qaeda’s next step is in the cyber arena. Never the less, this could also be deemed as a sign of bin Laden’s downfall. There are many rumors that al-Qeada lacks the same sufficient funding they had in 2001, that Osama has grown broke, and that the Jihad will eventually be a distant memory. If this is true, the internet would make for a more affordable method of terrorist attacks. These arguments will potentially prove foolish if bin Laden finds a way to continue his terror through the web. The potential for more tragedy is at the finger tips of al-Qeada literally and figuratively.